Angiolina Bosio (Angiolina Bosio) |

Angiolina Bosio

Angiolina Bosio bai ma rayu shekaru talatin a duniya ba. Aikinta na fasaha ya ɗauki shekaru goma sha uku kacal. Dole ne mutum ya kasance yana da basira mai haske don barin alamar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mutane a wannan zamanin, don haka mai karimci tare da basirar murya! Daga cikin masu sha'awar mawaƙin Italiyanci sune Serov, Tchaikovsky, Odoevsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky ...

Angiolina Bosio aka haife kan Agusta 28, 1830 a Italiyanci birnin Turin, a cikin iyali na actor. Tuni yana da shekaru goma, ta fara nazarin waƙa a Milan, tare da Venceslao Cattaneo.

A halartan karon na singer ya faru a Yuli 1846 a Royal gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Milan, inda ta yi rawar da Lucrezia a Verdi ta opera "The Biyu Foscari".

Ba kamar yawancin mutanen zamaninta ba, Bosio ya fi jin daɗin shahara a ƙasashen waje fiye da na gida. Yawon shakatawa da aka yi a Turai akai-akai da wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka ya kawo mata karbuwa a duniya, ya sanya ta cikin sauri daidai da mafi kyawun masu fasaha na wancan lokacin.

Bosio ya rera waka a Verona, Madrid, Copenhagen, New York, Paris. Masoyan murya sun yi maraba da mai zane a dandalin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden na London. Babban abin da ke cikin fasaharta shine kida na gaskiya, darajar magana, dabarar launuka na timbre, yanayin ciki. Wataƙila, waɗannan siffofi, ba ƙarfin muryarta ba, sun jawo hankalin masu son kiɗan Rasha zuwa gare ta. A cikin Rasha, wanda ya zama na biyu na mahaifa ga mawaƙa, Bosio ya sami ƙauna ta musamman daga masu sauraro.

Bosio ya fara zuwa St. Petersburg a 1853, riga a zenith na shahararsa. Bayan da ta fara halarta a St. Petersburg a 1855, ta rera waƙa na yanayi hudu a jere a kan mataki na Opera na Italiyanci kuma tare da kowane sabon wasan kwaikwayo ya sami karuwar yawan magoya baya. Repertoire na singer yana da faɗi na musamman, amma ayyukan Rossini da Verdi sun mamaye wurin tsakiya. Ita ce ta farko Violetta a kan mataki na Rasha, ta rera rawar Gilda, Leonora, Louise Miller a cikin operas na Verdi, Semiramide a cikin opera na wannan sunan, da Countess a cikin opera "Count Ori" da Rosina a cikin "The Barber" Rossini. na Seville", Zerlina a cikin "Don Giovanni" da Zerlina a cikin "Fra Diavolo, Elvira a cikin The Puritans, Countess in The Count Ory, Lady Henrietta a cikin Maris.

Dangane da matakin fasaha na murya, zurfin shiga cikin duniyar ruhaniya na hoton, babban kida na Bosio ya kasance na manyan mawaƙa na zamanin. Ba a bayyana halayenta na halitta nan da nan ba. Da farko, masu sauraro sun yaba da fasaha mai ban mamaki da murya - soprano na lyrical. Sa'an nan kuma sun sami damar yin godiya ga mafi kyawun dukiya na basirarta - wahayin waƙoƙin wakoki, wanda ya bayyana kanta a cikin mafi kyawun halittarta - Violetta a La Traviata. Wasan farko kamar Gilda a Verdi's Rigoletto an gaishe shi da yarda, amma ba tare da sha'awa ba. Daga cikin martani na farko a cikin 'yan jaridu, ra'ayin Rostislav (F. Tolstoy) a cikin Kudan Arewa yana da halayyar: "Muryar Bosio wata soprano ce mai tsabta, mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, musamman a cikin sauti na matsakaici ... rajista na sama ya bayyana, gaskiya, ko da yake ba haka ba ne. mai ƙarfi, amma mai baiwa da wasu son kai, ba tare da bayyanawa ba. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba mawallafin Raevsky ya ce: “Na farko Bozio ya yi nasara, amma ta zama abin da jama’a suka fi so bayan wasan da ta yi na sashen Leonora a Il trovatore, wanda aka fara gabatarwa ga jama’ar St. Petersburg.”

Rostislav ya kuma lura: “Ba ta so ta yi mamaki ko kuma ta ba masu sauraro mamaki tun da farko da kalamai masu wuyar magana, nassosi masu ban sha’awa da ban mamaki. Akasin haka, don… na halarta na farko, ta zaɓi mafi girman rawar Gilda ("Rigoletto"), wanda muryarta, a cikin mafi girman darajar, ba ta iya fitowa gaba ɗaya. Ganin a hankali, Bosio ya bayyana a madadinsa a cikin The Puritans, Don Pasquale, Il trovatore, Barber na Seville da The North Star. Daga wannan karatun da gangan, an sami kyakkyawan ra'ayi a cikin nasarar Bosio… Tausayin ta ya girma kuma ya haɓaka… tare da kowane sabon wasa, tarin baiwarta kamar ba ta ƙarewa… - sassa na halay… Amma Bosio ya bayyana a cikin “Troubadour”, kuma masu son sun ruɗe, suna sauraron karatun ta na zahiri. "Yaya…," in ji su, "mun yi imanin cewa wasan kwaikwayo mai zurfi ba zai iya isa ga kyakkyawar prima donna ba."

Yana da wuya a sami kalmomi don kwatanta abin da ya faru a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1856, lokacin da Angiolina ya yi wani ɓangare na Violetta a karon farko a La Traviata. Gabaɗaya hauka da sauri ta rikiɗe zuwa ƙauna mai farin jini. Matsayin Violetta shine babban nasarar Bosio. Rave reviews ba su da iyaka. Musamman abin lura shine fasaha mai ban mamaki da shiga ciki wanda mawakin ya shafe wasan karshe.

"Shin kun ji Bosio a La Traviata? Idan ba haka ba, to ta kowane hali je ka saurara, kuma a karon farko, da zaran an ba da wannan opera, domin, ko ta yaya ka san hazakar wannan mawakin, ba tare da La Traviata saninka zai zama na sama ba. Arzikin Bosio yana nufin mawaƙa da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki ba a bayyana su a cikin kowace opera a irin wannan hazakar. Anan, tausayin muryar, gaskiya da alherin mawaƙa, kyakkyawan aiki da hankali, a cikin kalma, duk abin da ke tattare da fara'a na wasan kwaikwayon, ta hanyar da Bosio ya kama ni'imar da ba ta da iyaka kuma kusan ba a raba ta St. Petersburg jama'a - duk abin da ya sami kyakkyawan amfani a cikin sabon opera. "Bosio ne kawai a La Traviata ake magana game da shi… Menene murya, wace waƙa. Ba mu san wani abu mafi kyau a St. Petersburg a halin yanzu ba."

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Bosio ne ya yi wahayi zuwa Turgenev don wani labari mai ban mamaki a cikin labari "A Hauwa'u", inda Insarov da Elena suke a Venice a wasan kwaikwayon "La Traviata": "Duet ya fara, mafi kyawun lambar wasan opera, wanda mawakin ya yi nasarar bayyana duk nadamar matasan da aka lalatar da su cikin hauka, gwagwarmayar karshe ta matsananciyar soyayya da rashin karfi. An ɗauke ta, numfashin tausayi na gaba ɗaya ɗauke da shi, da hawayen farin ciki na fasaha da wahala na gaske a idanunta, mawakiyar ta ba da kanta ga tashiwar igiyar ruwa, fuskarta ta canza, kuma a gaban mummunan fatalwar… na mutuwa, tare da irin wannan gaggawar addu'a ta isa sararin samaniya, kalmomin sun fito daga cikinta: “Lasciami vivere… morire si giovane!” ("Bari in rayu… in mutu da ƙuruciya!"), Duk gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya fashe da tafi da kuka mai daɗi."

Mafi kyawun Hotunan mataki - Gilda, Violetta, Leonora har ma da jarumai masu fara'a: hotuna - ... jarumai - Bosio ya ba da taɓa tunani, waƙar waƙa. “Akwai wani irin sautin raɗaɗi a cikin wannan waƙar. Wannan jerin sauti ne da ke zubo muku kai tsaye, kuma mun yarda gaba ɗaya da ɗaya daga cikin masu son kiɗan da ya ce lokacin da kuke sauraron Bosio, wani irin baƙin ciki yana ratsa zuciyar ku ba da gangan ba. Tabbas, irin wannan Bosio ya kasance kamar Gilda. Abin da, alal misali, zai iya zama mafi iska da kyan gani, wanda ya fi dacewa da launin waka na wannan trill wanda Bosio ya ƙare aria na Dokar II wanda, farawa forte, a hankali ya raunana kuma a ƙarshe ya daskare a cikin iska. Kuma kowace lamba, kowace magana ta Bosio an kama ta da halaye guda biyu iri ɗaya - zurfin ji da alheri, halayen da ke tattare da babban aikinta… Kyakkyawan sauƙi da ikhlasi - abin da ta fi ƙoƙartawa ke nan. Da yake sha'awar aikin virtuoso na sassan murya mafi wahala, masu sukar sun yi nuni da cewa "a cikin halayen Bosio, yanayin ji yana rinjaye. Ji shine babban abin fara'a na waƙarta - fara'a, isa ga fara'a… Masu sauraro suna sauraron wannan waƙar iska, ba tare da kasala ba kuma suna jin tsoron faɗin rubutu ɗaya.

Bosio ya kirkiro dukkanin hotunan hotunan 'yan mata da mata, rashin jin daɗi da farin ciki, wahala da farin ciki, mutuwa, jin dadi, ƙauna da ƙauna. AA Gozenpud ya lura: “Za a iya gane babban jigon aikin Bosio ta taken zagayowar muryar Schumann, Ƙauna da Rayuwar Mace. Ta isar da shi daidai da k'arfin k'arfin hali da ba'a santa ba da buguwa na sha'awa, azabar zuciya da cin nasara na soyayya. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan jigon ya kasance mafi mahimmanci a cikin ɓangaren Violetta. Ayyukan Bosio sun yi kyau sosai wanda hatta masu fasaha irin su Patti ba za su iya kore shi daga tunawa da mutanen zamaninsa ba. Odoevsky da Tchaikovsky suna daraja Bosio sosai. Idan mai kallo na aristocratic ya burge a cikin fasaharta ta hanyar alheri, haske, nagarta, cikakkiyar fasaha, to, mai kallo na raznochinny ya sha'awar shiga ciki, firgita, zafi na ji da kuma gaskiyar aikin. Bosio ya ji daɗin shahara da ƙauna a cikin yanayin dimokuradiyya; ta sau da yawa da yardar rai a cikin kide kide da wake-wake, tarin daga abin da aka samu a cikin ni'imar da "rashin isa" dalibai.

Masu bita gabaɗaya sun rubuta cewa tare da kowane wasan kwaikwayon, waƙar Bosio ta zama mafi kamala. "Muryar mawaƙinmu mai ban sha'awa, kyakkyawar mawaƙa ta zama, da alama, ta fi ƙarfi, ta fi sabo"; ko: “... Muryar Bosio ta ƙara ƙara ƙarfi, yayin da nasararta ta ƙarfafa… muryarta ta ƙara ƙara.”

Amma a farkon bazara na shekara ta 1859, ta kamu da sanyi yayin daya daga cikin balaguron balaguron ta. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, mawaƙin ya mutu daga ciwon huhu. Mummunan makoma ta Bosio ta bayyana akai-akai a gaban kirkirar Osip Mandelstam:

“Yan mintoci kaɗan kafin fara ɓacin rai, wata motar wuta ta yi ta rutsawa a cikin Nevsky. Kowa ya koma bakin tagogin da ba a taba gani ba, kuma Angiolina Bosio, 'yar asalin Piedmont, 'yar wani ɗan wasan barkwanci - basso comico - an bar ta na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

... Ƙahon wuta na zakara, kamar wanda ba a taɓa ji ba na masifar nasara mara ƙa'ida, ta fashe cikin ɗakin kwanan gida mara kyau na gidan Demidov. Bitiugs dauke da ganga, masu mulki da tsani suka yi ta hargitse, ga kaskon wutan lantarkin na lasar madubin. Amma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara na mawaƙin da ke mutuwa, wannan tulin hayaniyar zazzaɓi na hukuma, wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa sanye da rigunan tumaki da kwalkwali, wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran sauti da aka kama aka tafi da su a ƙarƙashin rakiyar rakiyar ya koma kiran ƙungiyar makaɗa. Sandunan ƙarshe na wasan opera na farko na Due Poscari, wasan opera na London, sun yi sauti sosai a cikin ƙananan kunnuwanta masu banƙyama…

Ta tashi tsaye tana rera abin da take buqata, ba wai cikin wannan murya mai daɗi, mai ƙarfe, mai daɗi da ta shahara da yabo a cikin takardun ba, sai dai da ɗanyen katakon ƙirji na yarinya 'yar shekara goma sha biyar, tare da kuskure. , ɓata sautin da Farfesa Cattaneo ya tsawata mata sosai.

"Bakowa, Traviata, Rosina, Zerlina..."

Mutuwar Bosio ta yi matukar jin zafi a zukatan dubban mutanen da ke matukar kaunar mawakin. "A yau na koyi game da mutuwar Bosio kuma na yi nadama sosai," Turgenev ya rubuta a wata wasika zuwa Goncharov. - Na gan ta a ranar da ta yi wasan karshe: ta buga "La Traviata"; Ba ta yi tunanin ba, tana wasa da mace mai mutuwa, cewa ba da daɗewa ba za ta taka wannan rawar da gaske. Kura da lalacewa da karya duk abubuwan duniya ne.

A cikin abubuwan tunawa na P. Kropotkin na juyin juya hali, mun sami wadannan layi: "Lokacin da prima donna Bosio ya kamu da rashin lafiya, dubban mutane, musamman matasa, sun tsaya ba tare da aiki ba har da dare a ƙofar otel don gano abin da ya faru. lafiyar diva. Ita ba kyakkyawa ba ce, amma ta yi kyau sosai lokacin da ta rera waƙa don a iya ƙidaya matasan da suka haukace da ita a ɗari. Lokacin da Bosio ya mutu, an yi mata jana'iza irin ta Petersburg ba ta taba gani ba.

Har ila yau, an buga sakamakon mawaƙa na Italiyanci a cikin layi na satire Nekrasov "A kan Weather":

Samoed jijiyoyi da kasusuwa Za su jure duk wani sanyi, amma ku, Vociferous baƙi kudancin kudu, Muna da kyau a cikin hunturu? Ka tuna - Bosio, Petropolis mai girman kai bai bar mata komai ba. Amma a banza kun lulluɓe kanku da maƙogwaron Nightingale. 'Yar Italiya! Tare da sanyi na Rasha Yana da wuya a samu tare da wardi na tsakar rana. A gaban ikon mutuwarsa, Ka kawar da cikakkiyar goshinka, Ka kwanta a wata ƙasa a makabarta babu kowa da bakin ciki. An manta da ku baƙi, A ranar da aka ba da ku ga ƙasa, An daɗe da raira waƙa, Suna bashe ku da furanni. Akwai haske, akwai buzzing bass biyu, Har yanzu akwai timpani mai ƙarfi. Ee! a arewa bakin ciki tare da mu Kudi yana da wuya kuma laurel suna da tsada!

Ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1859, Bosio ya yi kama da binne dukan St. Petersburg. “Mutane da yawa sun taru don a ɗauke gawarta daga gidan Demidov zuwa Cocin Katolika, ciki har da ɗalibai da yawa da suka yi godiya ga marigayiyar don shirya raye-raye don amfanin ɗaliban jami’a da ba su isa ba,” wani da ya yi daidai da abubuwan da suka faru ya shaida. Shugaban ‘yan sanda Shuvalov, saboda fargabar tarzoma, ya killace ginin cocin da ‘yan sanda, wanda ya haifar da fusata. Amma fargabar ta zama marar tushe. Muzaharar cikin bacin rai ta tafi makabartar Katolika da ke gefen Vyborg, kusa da Arsenal. A kan kabarin mawaƙa, ɗaya daga cikin masu sha'awar basirarta, Count Orlov, ya rarrafe a ƙasa a cikin rashin sani. Da kudinsa, daga baya aka gina wani kyakkyawan abin tarihi.