Ambroise Thomas |

Ambrose Thomas

Sunan Tom ya kasance sananne ga mutanen zamaninsa duka a matsayin marubucin opera Mignon, wanda ya jimre fiye da wasanni 30 a cikin shekaru 1000 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, kuma a matsayin mai kula da hadisai na Conservatory na Paris, wanda ya so ya kasance mutumin da ya gabata a rayuwarsa.

An haifi Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1811 a cikin lardin Metz, cikin dangin kiɗa. Mahaifinsa, malamin kade-kade mai tawali'u, ya fara koya masa wasan piano da violin tun da wuri, ta yadda yaron yana ɗan shekara tara an riga an ɗauke shi a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren mai yin waɗannan kayan kida. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, iyalin suka koma babban birnin kasar, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai Thomas ya shiga cikin Conservatory na Paris, inda ya yi nazarin piano da abun da ke ciki tare da JF Lesueur. Nasarar Tom ya kasance mai girma wanda ya ci nasara akai-akai: a cikin 1829 - a piano, na gaba - cikin jituwa, kuma, a ƙarshe, a cikin 1832 - lambar yabo mafi girma a cikin abun da ke ciki, Grand Prize na Rome, wanda ya ba da haƙƙin uku - shekara zauna a Italiya. . Anan Thomas yayi nazarin wasan opera na zamani na Italiyanci kuma a lokaci guda, ƙarƙashin rinjayar shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ingres, ya ƙaunaci kiɗan Mozart da Beethoven.

Komawa zuwa Paris a 1836, mawakin ya yi wasan opera na farko bayan shekara guda, sannan ya rubuta wasu takwas a jere. Wannan nau'in ya zama babba a cikin aikin Tom. Wasan opera Cadi (1849) mara fa'ida ce ta kawo nasara, wani wasan kwaikwayo na 'yar Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, kusa da operetta, wanda daga baya ya faranta wa Bizet farin ciki da hikima, matasa da fasaha. Mafarkin Dare A Midsummer ya biyo bayansa tare da Sarauniya Elizabeth, Shakespeare da kuma wasu daga cikin sauran wasanninsa, amma ba kwata-kwata daga wasan barkwanci da ya ba wa opera sunansa ba. A 1851, Thomas aka zaba memba na Faransa Academy kuma ya zama farfesa a Paris Conservatory (a cikin dalibansa - Massenet).

Ranar farin ciki na aikin Tom ya faɗi a cikin 1860s. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan an taka rawa ta hanyar zaɓin filaye da masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Yana bin misalin Gounod, ya juya zuwa J. Barbier da M. Carré kuma, bin Gounod's Faust (1859) bisa ga bala'in Goethe, ya rubuta Mignon (1866), bisa ga littafin Goethe The Years of Wilhelm Meister's Teaching, da kuma bayan Gounod's Romeo da Juliet (1867), Shakespeare's Hamlet (1868). An dauki wasan opera na karshe a matsayin mafi mahimmancin aikin Tom, yayin da Mignon ya kasance mafi shahara na dogon lokaci, tun da yake ya jure wasanni 100 a farkon kakar wasa. Wadannan operas sun haifar da sabon haɓaka a cikin ikon Tom: a cikin 1871 ya zama darekta na Conservatoire na Paris. Kuma a shekara guda da ta wuce, kusan 60 mai shekaru mawaki ya nuna kansa a gaskiya dan kishin kasa, shiga soja a matsayin mai sa kai tare da fara yakin Franco-Prussian. Duk da haka, darektan bai bar Tom lokaci don kerawa ba, kuma bayan Hamlet bai rubuta komai ba tsawon shekaru 14. A cikin 1882, wasan opera na ƙarshe, na 20th, Francesca da Rimini, wanda ya dogara akan Dante's Divine Comedy, ya bayyana. Bayan wasu shekaru bakwai na shiru, an ƙirƙiri aikin ƙarshe na Shakespeare - babban ballet The Tempest.

Thomas ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1896 a Paris.

A. Koenigsberg