Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava |

Zurab Sotkilava

Sunan mawakin ya shahara a yau ga duk masoya wasan opera na kasarmu da kuma kasashen waje, inda yake zagayawa cikin nasara akai-akai. Kyau da ƙarfin muryar suna burge su, yanayin daraja, fasaha mai girma, kuma mafi mahimmanci, sadaukarwar motsin rai wanda ke tare da kowane wasan kwaikwayo na mai zane a fagen wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a kan wasan kide kide.

Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava aka haife kan Maris 12, 1937 a Sukhumi. "Na farko, ya kamata in ce game da kwayoyin halitta: Kakata da mahaifiyata sun buga guitar kuma suna rera waƙa," in ji Sotkilava. – Na tuna sun zauna a kan titi kusa da gidan, suna yin tsoffin waƙoƙin Jojiya, kuma na rera tare da su. Ban yi tunanin kowace sana'ar waƙa ba a lokacin ko kuma daga baya. Abin sha’awa shi ne, bayan shekaru da yawa, mahaifina, wanda ba shi da ji ko kaɗan, ya goyi bayan ƙoƙarina na wasan opera, kuma mahaifiyata, wadda take da cikakken sauti, ta ƙi hakan.

Amma duk da haka, a lokacin ƙuruciyar Zurab ba waƙa ba ce, ƙwallon ƙafa. Bayan lokaci, ya nuna iyawa masu kyau. Ya shiga cikin Sukhumi Dynamo, inda a lokacin yana da shekaru 16 an dauke shi a matsayin tauraro mai tasowa. Sotkilava ya taka leda a wurin wingback, ya shiga cikin hare-haren da yawa kuma cikin nasara, yana gudu mita dari a cikin 11 seconds!

A shekara ta 1956, Zurab ya zama kyaftin na tawagar kasar Georgia yana da shekaru 20. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya shiga cikin babbar tawagar Dynamo Tbilisi. Mafi abin tunawa ga Sotkilava shine wasan da Dynamo Moscow.

Sotkilava ya ce: “Ina alfahari cewa na je filin wasa da Lev Yashin da kansa. - Mun san Lev Ivanovich mafi kyau, tun lokacin da nake mawaƙa kuma na kasance abokai tare da Nikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov. Tare muka je Yashin zuwa asibiti bayan an yi masa tiyata… Ta yin amfani da misalin babban mai tsaron gida, na sake gamsuwa da cewa idan mutum ya ci gaba da samun nasarori a rayuwa, to yana da mutunci. Kuma mun yi rashin nasara a wasan da ci 1:3.

Af, wannan shine wasana na ƙarshe na Dynamo. A daya daga cikin hirar da aka yi da shi, na ce dan gaba na Urin Muscovites ya sanya ni mawaƙa, kuma mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa ya gurgunta ni. Babu shakka! Sai kawai ya zarce ni. Amma rabin matsalar ne. Ba da daɗewa ba muka tashi zuwa Yugoslavia, inda na sami karaya kuma na bar ƙungiyar. A 1959 ya yi ƙoƙari ya dawo. Amma tafiya zuwa Czechoslovakia a ƙarshe ta kawo ƙarshen wasan ƙwallon ƙafata. A can na sake samun wani mummunan rauni, kuma bayan wani lokaci aka kore ni…

… A cikin 58, lokacin da na yi wasa a Dinamo Tbilisi, na dawo gida Sukhumi na tsawon mako guda. Akwai wata ’yar ’yar pian Valeria Razumovskaya, wadda ko da yaushe tana sha’awar muryata kuma ta ce wa zan zama a ƙarshe, ta gaya wa iyayena. A lokacin ban ba da wata mahimmanci ga kalamanta ba, amma duk da haka na yarda in zo wurin wani farfesa na jami'ar Conservatory daga Tbilisi don yin nazari. Muryata ba ta yi masa wani tasiri sosai ba. Kuma a nan, tunanin, ƙwallon ƙafa ya sake taka muhimmiyar rawa! A wannan lokacin, Meskhi, Metreveli, Barkaya sun riga sun haskaka a Dynamo, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sami tikitin zuwa filin wasa. Don haka, da farko, na zama mai ba da tikiti ga farfesa: ya zo ya ɗauke su a tashar Dynamo a Digomi. Cikin godiya, Farfesan ya gayyace ni zuwa gidansa, muka fara karatu. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya gaya mani cewa a cikin ƴan darussa na sami babban ci gaba kuma ina da makoma ta operatic!

Amma duk da haka, begen ya ba ni dariya. Na yi tunani sosai game da yin waƙa bayan an kore ni daga Dynamo. Farfesan ya saurare ni kuma ya ce: “To, ka daina ƙazanta a cikin laka, mu yi aiki mai tsabta.” Kuma bayan shekara guda, a ranar 60 ga Yuli, na fara kare difloma ta a Makarantar Ma’adinai ta Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tbilisi, kuma kwana ɗaya bayan haka na riga na ci jarrabawa a makarantar reno. Kuma aka karba. Af, mun yi karatu a lokaci guda da Nodar Akhalkatsi, wanda ya fi son Cibiyar Sufuri ta Railway. Mun yi irin wannan yaƙe-yaƙe a wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyoyin da suka sa filin wasa na ’yan kallo dubu 25 ya cika makil!”

Sotkilava ya zo Tbilisi Conservatory a matsayin baritone, amma ba da daɗewa ba Farfesa D.Ya. Andguladze ya gyara kuskuren, ba shakka, sabon ɗalibin yana da ƙaƙƙarfan teno mai ban mamaki. A cikin 1965, matashin mawaƙin ya fara halarta a karon a kan matakin Tbilisi a matsayin Cavaradossi a cikin Tosca na Puccini. Nasarar ta wuce duk tsammanin. Zurab ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da Ballet na Jihar Jojiya daga 1965 zuwa 1974. An nemi baiwar gwanin mawaki a gida don a tallafa masa da bunkasa, kuma a cikin 1966 an aika Sotkilava don horon horo a shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Milan La Scala.

A can ya horar da mafi kyawun bel canto kwararru. Ya yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba, kuma bayan haka, da kansa zai iya jujjuya bayan kalaman maestro Genarro Barra, wanda kuma ya rubuta: “Muryar Zurab ta tuna mini da waɗanda suka yi rayuwa a zamanin da.” Ya kasance game da lokutan E. Caruso, B. Gigli da sauran masu sihiri na yanayin Italiya.

A Italiya, singer ya inganta shekaru biyu, bayan haka ya shiga cikin bikin matasa vocalists "Golden Orpheus". Ayyukansa sun yi nasara: Sotkilava ya lashe babbar kyautar bikin Bulgaria. Bayan shekaru biyu - wani sabon nasara, wannan lokaci a daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci International gasa - mai suna bayan PI Tchaikovsky a Moscow: Sotkilava aka bayar da lambar yabo ta biyu.

Bayan wani sabon nasara, a cikin 1970, - Kyauta ta Farko da Grand Prix a Gasar Vocal ta Duniya a F. Viñas a Barcelona - David Andguladze ya ce: "Zurab Sotkilava mawaƙi ne mai hazaka, mai kida, muryarsa, na katako mai kyau da ba a saba gani ba, ya yi. baya barin mai saurare ba ruwansa. Mawaƙin a hankali da a sarari yana isar da yanayin ayyukan da aka yi, yana bayyana cikakken niyyar mawaƙin. Kuma mafi kyawun fasalin halayensa shine himma, sha'awar fahimtar duk asirin fasaha. Yana karatu kowace rana, muna da kusan “jadawalin darussa” kamar yadda yake a shekarun ɗalibinsa.

Disamba 30, 1973 Sotkilava ya fara halarta a karon a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre a matsayin Jose.

“A kallo na farko,” in ji shi, “yana iya zama kamar na saba da Moscow da sauri kuma na shiga ƙungiyar opera ta Bolshoi. Amma ba haka bane. Da farko ya yi mini wuya, kuma godiya ga mutanen da suke kusa da ni a lokacin. Kuma Sotkilava sunaye sunan darektan G. Pankov, mashawarcin kide-kide L. Mogilevskaya da kuma, ba shakka, abokansa a cikin wasanni.

Farkon Otello na Verdi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi wani lamari ne mai ban mamaki, kuma Otello na Sotkilava ya zama wahayi.

"Aiki a bangaren Othello," in ji Sotkilava, "ya bude mani sabon hangen nesa, ya tilasta ni in sake yin la'akari da yawancin abin da aka yi, na haifar da wasu ka'idoji na kirkiro. Matsayin Othello shine kololuwar da mutum zai iya gani a sarari, ko da yake yana da wahala a kai shi. Yanzu, lokacin da babu zurfin ɗan adam, rikitarwa na tunani a cikin wannan ko wancan hoton da maki ya bayar, ba shi da ban sha'awa sosai a gare ni. Menene farin cikin mai zane? Ku ɓata kanku, jijiyoyi, ku ciyar da lalacewa, ba tare da tunani game da wasan kwaikwayo na gaba ba. Amma aikin ya kamata ya sa ku so ku ɓata kanku kamar haka, don wannan kuna buƙatar manyan ayyuka waɗanda ke da ban sha'awa don warwarewa… "

Wata babbar nasara da mawakin ya samu ita ce rawar da Turiddu ya taka a cikin karramawar Karkara ta Mascagni. Da farko a kan wasan kwaikwayo, sa'an nan a Bolshoi Theater, Sotkilava ya sami gagarumin ikon bayyana alama. Da yake tsokaci game da wannan aikin, mawaƙin ya nanata: “Ƙasar Girmama opera ce ta gaskiya, wasan opera mai tsananin sha’awa. Yana yiwuwa a isar da wannan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide, wanda, ba shakka, bai kamata a rage shi zuwa ƙirƙirar kida ba daga littafin da ke da alamar kiɗan. Babban abu shine kula da samun 'yanci na ciki, wanda ya zama dole ga mai zane a kan wasan opera da kuma a kan wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin kidan Mascagni, a cikin tarin opera dinsa, akwai maimaitawa iri daya. Kuma a nan yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mai yin wasan ya tuna da hadarin monotony. Maimaita, alal misali, kalma ɗaya da iri ɗaya, kuna buƙatar nemo ƙarancin tunani na kiɗa, canza launi, shading ma'anoni daban-daban na wannan kalmar. Babu buƙatar kuɗa kai ta hanyar wucin gadi kuma ba a san abin da za ku yi wasa ba. Ƙaunar ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awa a cikin Karramawar Karkara dole ne ta kasance mai tsabta da gaskiya. "

Ƙarfin fasahar Zurab Sotkilava shine cewa koyaushe yana kawo wa mutane tsaftar ji. Wannan shi ne sirrin ci gaba da nasararsa. Ziyarar da mawakin ya yi a kasashen waje ba a bar shi ba.

"Daya daga cikin kyawawan muryoyin da ke wanzuwa a ko'ina a yau." Wannan shine yadda mai bita ya mayar da martani ga aikin Zurab Sotkilava a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Champs-Elysées a Paris. Wannan shi ne farkon yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje na mawaƙin Soviet mai ban mamaki. Bayan "girgizawar ganowa" tare da sababbin nasara - nasara mai ban mamaki a Amurka sannan a Italiya, a Milan. Mahimman kima na jaridun Amurka kuma sun kasance masu ɗorewa: “Babban murya mai kyan gani da kyan gani a duk rajista. Zane-zane na Sotkilava yana zuwa kai tsaye daga zuciya. "

Yawon shakatawa na 1978 ya sa mawaƙin ya zama sanannen mashahuri a duniya - gayyata da yawa don shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, kide kide, da rakodi sun biyo baya…

A shekarar 1979, ya m isa ya bayar da mafi girma award - da take na People's Artist na Tarayyar Soviet.

"Zurab Sotkilava shi ne ma'abucin tenor na kyakkyawa da ba kasafai ba, mai haske, sonorous, tare da ƙwararrun rubutu na sama da kuma babban rajista na tsakiya," in ji S. Savanko. “Muryoyin wannan girman ba kasafai suke ba. Kyakkyawan bayanai na halitta sun haɓaka da ƙarfafa su ta hanyar ƙwararrun makaranta, wanda mawaƙin ya wuce a ƙasarsa da kuma a Milan. Salon wasan Sotkilava ya mamaye alamun bel canto na gargajiya na Italiyanci, wanda ake ji musamman a cikin ayyukan opera na mawaƙi. Jigon repertoire na wasan kwaikwayo shine na waƙa da ban mamaki: Othello, Radamès (Aida), Manrico (Il trovatore), Richard (Un ballo in maschera), José (Carmen), Cavaradossi (Tosca). Har ila yau, ya rera Vaudemont a cikin Iolanthe na Tchaikovsky, da kuma a wasan kwaikwayo na Georgian - Abesalom a cikin Tbilisi Opera Theatre's Abesalom da Eteri na Z. Paliashvili da Arzakan a cikin O. Taktakishvili's The Abduction of Moon. Sotkilava yana jin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kowane bangare a hankali, ba kwatsam ba ne aka lura da faɗin yanayin salon fasahar mawaƙa a cikin martani mai mahimmanci.

"Sotkilava fitaccen jarumi ne mai son wasan opera na Italiya," in ji E. Dorozhkin. – Duk G. – a fili nasa: Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini. Duk da haka, akwai wani muhimmin "amma". Daga cikin dukkanin saitin da ake bukata don hoton mace, Sotkilava ya mallaki cikakken, kamar yadda shugaban kasar Rasha mai kishin kasar ya bayyana daidai a cikin sakonsa ga jarumin ranar, kawai "murya mai ban mamaki" da "zane-zane na halitta." Domin jin daɗin ƙaunar jama'a kamar Georgesand's Andzoletto (wato, irin wannan soyayyar ta kewaye mawaƙa a yanzu), waɗannan halayen ba su isa ba. Mai hikima Sotkilava, duk da haka, bai nemi samun wasu ba. Ya ɗauki ba ta lamba ba, amma da fasaha. Gaba ɗaya ya yi watsi da hasken rashin yarda da raɗaɗin zauren, ya rera Manrico, Duke da Radamès. Wannan, watakila, shine kawai abin da ya kasance kuma ya kasance dan Georgian - don yin aikinsa, ko da menene, ba don na biyu yana shakkar cancantar kansa ba.

Matakin karshe da Sotkilava ya dauka shine Boris Godunov na Mussorgsky. Sotkilava ya rera maƙiyi - wanda ya fi Rashanci daga cikin dukan haruffan Rasha a cikin wasan opera na Rasha - ta hanyar da mawaƙa masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda suka bi abin da ke faruwa daga baya mai ƙura, ba su taɓa yin mafarkin waƙa ba. Cikakken Timoshka ya fito - kuma a gaskiya Grishka Otrepyev shine Timoshka.

Sotkilava mutum ne mai zaman kansa. Kuma na boko a mafi kyawun ma'anar kalmar. Ba kamar yawancin abokan aikinsa ba a cikin wannan bita na fasaha, mawaƙin ya girmama tare da kasancewar ba kawai abubuwan da suka faru waɗanda babu makawa a cikin tebur mai ɗorewa na buffet ba, har ma waɗanda aka yi niyya don masu kyan gani na gaskiya. Sotkilava yana samun kuɗi a kan kwalban zaitun tare da anchovies da kansa. Ita ma matar mawakin tana girki abin mamaki.

Sotkilava yana yin, kodayake ba sau da yawa ba, akan matakin wasan kwaikwayo. Anan waƙarsa ta ƙunshi kaɗe-kaɗe na Rasha da Italiyanci. A lokaci guda kuma, mawaƙin ya fi mayar da hankali musamman a kan repertoire na ɗakin, a kan waƙoƙin soyayya, da wuya ya juya zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na opera, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin shirye-shiryen murya. Taimakon filastik, ɓarkewar mafita mai ban mamaki an haɗa su a cikin fassarar Sotkilava tare da kusanci na musamman, jin daɗin rairayi da taushi, waɗanda ba kasafai suke ba a cikin mawaƙa da irin wannan babbar murya.

Tun 1987, Sotkilava ke koyar da waƙar solo a Moscow State PI Tchaikovsky.

PS Zurab Sotkilava ya mutu a Moscow a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2017.