Van Cliburn |

Da Cliburn

Harvey Levan Cliburn (Clyburn) an haife shi a shekara ta 1934 a cikin ƙaramin garin Shreveport, a Kudancin Amurka a Louisiana. Mahaifinsa injiniyan mai ne, don haka dangi suna tafiya akai-akai daga wuri zuwa wuri. Yaran Harvey Levan ya wuce a cikin matsanancin kudancin ƙasar, a Texas, inda dangin suka ƙaura jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarsa.

Tuni yana da shekaru hudu, yaron, wanda aka rage sunansa Van, ya fara nuna ikonsa na kiɗa. Mahaifiyarsa, Rildia Cliburn ta zana baiwa ta musamman na yaron. Ta kasance mai wasan pianist, ɗalibin Arthur Friedheim, ɗan wasan pian na Jamus, malami, wanda shine F. Liszt. Duk da haka, bayan aurenta, ba ta yi wasa ba kuma ta sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen koyar da waka.

Bayan shekara guda kawai, ya riga ya san yadda ake karantawa da kyau daga takarda kuma daga littafin ɗalibin (Czerny, Clementi, St. Geller, da sauransu) ya ci gaba da nazarin litattafai. A daidai wannan lokacin, wani lamari ya faru wanda ya bar alamar da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba: a garin Cliburn na Shreveport, babban Rachmaninoff ya ba da daya daga cikin kide-kide na karshe a rayuwarsa. Tun daga nan, ya kasance har abada ya zama gunki na matashin mawaki.

Wasu ƴan shekaru kuma suka shuɗe, kuma shahararren ɗan wasan pian José Iturbi ya ji yaron yana wasa. Ya amince da tsarin karatun mahaifiyarsa kuma ya ba shi shawarar kada ya canza malamai na tsawon lokaci.

A halin yanzu, matashin Cliburn yana samun ci gaba sosai. A cikin 1947, ya ci gasar piano a Texas kuma ya sami 'yancin yin wasa tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Houston.

Ga matashin dan wasan pian, wannan nasarar yana da matukar muhimmanci, saboda kawai a kan mataki ya iya gane kansa a matsayin mawaƙa na ainihi a karon farko. Duk da haka, saurayin ya kasa ci gaba da karatun kiɗan nan da nan. Ya yi karatu sosai da himma har ya tauye lafiyarsa, don haka sai an dage karatun na wani lokaci.

Bayan shekara guda, likitoci sun yarda Cliburn ya ci gaba da karatunsa, kuma ya tafi New York don shiga Makarantar Kiɗa ta Juilliard. Zaɓin wannan cibiyar ilimi ya zama mai hankali. Wanda ya kafa makarantar, masanin masana'antu na Amurka A. Juilliard, ya kafa guraben karatu da yawa waɗanda aka ba wa ɗalibai mafi hazaka.

Cliburn da hazaka ya ci jarrabawar shiga makarantar kuma ya samu karbuwa a cikin ajin karkashin jagorancin shahararriyar 'yar pianist Rosina Levina, wacce ta kammala karatu a Moscow Conservatory, wadda ta kammala kusan lokaci guda tare da Rachmaninov.

Levina ba kawai ya inganta fasaha na Cliburn ba, har ma ya fadada tarihinsa. Wang ya ci gaba da zama dan wasan piano wanda ya yi fice wajen daukar siffofi daban-daban kamar yadda Bach ya yi preludes da fugues da na Prokofiev na piano sonatas.

Duk da haka, ba fitattun iyawa, ko takardar shaidar digiri na farko da aka samu a ƙarshen makaranta, duk da haka ba da tabbacin samun kyakkyawan aiki. Cliburn ya ji haka nan da nan bayan ya bar makaranta. Domin samun matsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin da'irar kiɗa, ya fara yin tsari bisa tsari a gasa daban-daban na kiɗa.

Mafi daraja ita ce lambar yabo da ya samu a wata gasa ta wakilai mai suna E. Leventritt a shekara ta 1954. Gasar ce ta tada hankalin jama'ar mawaka. Da farko dai, hakan ya faru ne saboda alkalai masu iko da tsauri.

"A cikin mako guda," mai sukar Chaysins ya rubuta bayan gasar, "mun ji wasu hazaka masu haske da fassarori da yawa, amma lokacin da Wang ya gama wasa, babu wanda ya yi shakka game da sunan wanda ya yi nasara."

Bayan da ya taka rawar gani a zagayen karshe na gasar, Cliburn ya sami damar ba da kide-kide a babban dakin kide-kide a Amurka - Carnegie Hall. Waƙarsa ta yi nasara sosai kuma ya kawo wa ɗan wasan pian ɗin kwangiloli masu yawa. Duk da haka, tsawon shekaru uku, Wang yayi ƙoƙari a banza don samun kwangilar dindindin don yin aiki. A kan haka, mahaifiyarsa ba zato ba tsammani ta kamu da rashin lafiya, kuma dole ne Cliburn ya maye gurbinta, ya zama malamin makarantar kiɗa.

Shekara ta 1957 ta zo. Kamar yadda ya saba, Wang yana da kuɗi kaɗan kuma yana da fata da yawa. Babu wani kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo da ya sake ba shi kwangila. Da alama aikin mai wasan piano ya ƙare. Komai ya canza kiran wayar Levina. Ta sanar da Cliburn cewa an yanke shawarar gudanar da gasar mawaka ta kasa da kasa a Moscow, kuma ta ce ya je can. Bugu da ƙari, ta ba da hidimarta a cikin shirye-shiryenta. Domin samun kuɗin da ake bukata don tafiya, Levina ya juya zuwa gidauniyar Rockefeller, wanda ya ba Cliburn kyauta don tafiya zuwa Moscow.

Gaskiya ne, mai wasan piano da kansa ya faɗi game da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a wata hanya dabam: “Na fara jin labarin gasar Tchaikovsky daga Alexander Greiner, Steinway impresario. Ya karɓi ƙasidar da ke ɗauke da sharuddan gasar kuma ya rubuta mini wasiƙa zuwa Texas, inda iyalina suke zama. Sai ya kira ya ce: "Dole ne ku yi!" Nan da nan ra'ayin zuwa Moscow ya burge ni, domin ina son ganin Cocin St. Basil. Ya kasance mafarkina na tsawon rai tun ina ɗan shekara shida iyayena suka ba ni littafin tarihin yara. Akwai hotuna guda biyu da suka ba ni farin ciki sosai: ɗaya - Cocin St. Basil, ɗayan kuma - Majalisar London tare da Big Ben. Ina son ganinsu da idona har na tambayi iyayena: “Za ku kai ni wurin ku?” Su, ba su ba da mahimmanci ga tattaunawar yara ba, sun yarda. Don haka, na fara tashi zuwa Prague, kuma daga Prague zuwa Moscow a kan jirgin saman Soviet Tu-104. Ba mu da jiragen fasinja a Amurka a lokacin, don haka tafiya ce mai ban sha'awa. Da yamma muka isa wajen karfe goma. Dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe ƙasa kuma komai yayi kama da soyayya. Komai ya kasance kamar yadda nake mafarki. Na sami wata kyakkyawar mace daga Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta gaishe ni. Na tambayi: "Shin ba zai yiwu a wuce St. Basil Mai albarka a kan hanyar zuwa otal?" Ta amsa: "Hakika za ku iya!" A cikin kalma, mun je can. Kuma a lokacin da na ƙare a kan Red Square, na ji cewa zuciyata na shirin dainawa daga tashin hankali. Babban burin tafiyata ya riga ya cim ma..."

Gasar Tchaikovsky ta kasance sauyi a tarihin rayuwar Cliburn. Dukan rayuwar wannan artist ya kasu kashi biyu: na farko, ciyar a cikin m, da kuma na biyu - lokacin shahara a duniya, wanda Tarayyar Soviet ya kawo masa.

Cliburn ya riga ya yi nasara a zagayen farko na gasar. Amma bayan da ya yi tare da wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky da Rachmaninov a zagaye na uku, ya bayyana a fili abin da babbar basira ta kasance a cikin matashin mawaki.

Hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke ya kasance baki daya. An ba Van Cliburn lambar yabo ta farko. A babban taron, D. Shostakovich ya ba da lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka ga wadanda suka lashe kyautar.

Mafi girma masters na Soviet da kuma kasashen waje art bayyana wadannan kwanaki a cikin latsa tare da rave reviews daga American pianist.

"Van Clyburn, dan wasan piano na Amurka mai shekaru ashirin da uku, ya nuna kansa a matsayin babban mai fasaha, mawaƙin gwaninta da gaske mara iyaka," E. Gilels ya rubuta. "Wannan mawaƙi ne na musamman mai hazaka, wanda fasaharsa ke jan hankali tare da zurfin abun ciki, 'yanci na fasaha, haɗin gwiwar duk halayen da ke cikin manyan masu fasahar piano," in ji P. Vladigerov. "Ina ɗaukar Van Clyburn ƙwararren ɗan wasan pian mai hazaka... Nasarar da ya samu a irin wannan gasa mai wahala za a iya kiran shi da kyau," in ji S. Richter.

Ga abin da fitaccen ɗan wasan pian kuma malami GG Neuhaus ya rubuta: “Don haka, butulci yana mamaye zukatan miliyoyin masu sauraron Van Cliburn da farko. A gare shi dole ne a ƙara duk abin da za a iya gani da tsirara ido, ko kuma wajen, ji da tsirara kunne a cikin wasa: expressiveness, cordiality, grandiose pianistic fasaha, matuƙar iko, kazalika da taushi da kuma gaskiya na sauti, da iyawar sake reincarnate, duk da haka, bai riga ya kai iyaka ba (wataƙila saboda ƙuruciyarsa), numfashi mai faɗi, "kusa". Kiɗarsa baya ƙyale shi har abada (ba kamar yawancin ƴan wasan pians da yawa) ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa da wuce gona da iri ba, don “tuƙi” yanki. Tsaftar magana da filastik, kyakkyawar polyphony, ma'anar gaba ɗaya - mutum ba zai iya ƙididdige duk abin da ke farantawa cikin wasan Cliburn ba. Ga alama a gare ni (kuma ina tsammanin cewa wannan ba kawai ji na sirri ba ne) cewa shi ainihin mabiyin Rachmaninov ne mai haske, wanda tun daga ƙuruciyarsa ya sami duk abin sha'awa da tasirin aljanu na babban wasan pianist na Rasha.

Nasarar Cliburn a Moscow, a farkon tarihin gasar cin kofin duniya. Tchaikovsky a matsayin tsawa ya buge masu son kiɗan Amurka da ƙwararru, waɗanda kawai za su iya kokawa game da kurma da makanta. "Rashawa ba su gano Van Cliburn ba," Chisins ya rubuta a cikin mujallar Reporter. "Sun yarda da abin da mu a matsayinmu na al'umma ke kallo ba tare da damuwa ba, abin da jama'arsu ke yabawa, amma namu sun yi watsi da su."

Ee, fasaha na matashin ɗan wasan piano na Amurka, ɗalibin makarantar piano na Rasha, ya zama kusanci sosai, mai jituwa tare da zukatan masu sauraron Soviet tare da gaskiyarta da amincinta, faɗin furci, iko da faɗakarwa, sauti mai daɗi. Cliburn ya zama abin so na Muscovites, sa'an nan kuma masu sauraro a wasu biranen kasar. Murnar nasarar da ya samu a cikin kiftawar ido da ke yaduwa a duniya, ya isa kasarsa. A zahiri a cikin sa'o'i kadan, ya shahara. Lokacin da mai wasan piano ya dawo New York, an gaishe shi a matsayin gwarzo na ƙasa…

Shekaru masu zuwa sun zama ga Van Cliburn jerin ci gaba da wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide a duniya, nasara mara iyaka, amma a lokaci guda na gwaji mai tsanani. Kamar yadda wani mai suka ya lura a baya a cikin 1965, "Van Cliburn yana fuskantar kusan aikin da ba zai yuwu ba na ci gaba da shahara." Wannan gwagwarmaya da kai ba koyaushe ake samun nasara ba. Yanayin tafiye-tafiye na kide-kide ya fadada, kuma Cliburn ya rayu cikin tashin hankali akai-akai. Da zarar ya ba da kide-kide fiye da 150 a cikin shekara!

Matashin pianist ya dogara da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kuma dole ne ya tabbatar da haƙƙinsa na shaharar da ya samu. Yiwuwar aikinsa an iyakance ta ta hanyar wucin gadi. Ma'ana, ya zama bawa ga daukakarsa. Hanyoyi guda biyu sunyi gwagwarmaya a cikin mawaƙa: tsoron rasa matsayinsa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya da kuma sha'awar ingantawa, hade da buƙatar karatun kadaici.

Da yake jin alamun raguwar fasahar sa, Cliburn ya kammala aikinsa na kide-kide. Ya koma tare da mahaifiyarsa zuwa wurin zama na dindindin a ƙasarsa ta Texas. Ba da daɗewa ba birnin Fort Worth ya zama sananne ga Gasar Kiɗa ta Van Cliburn.

Sai kawai a cikin Disamba 1987, Cliburn sake ba da wani kide a lokacin ziyarar da shugaban Tarayyar Soviet M. Gorbachev zuwa Amurka. Sa'an nan Cliburn ya sake yin rangadi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya yi da kide-kide da yawa.

A lokacin, Yampolskaya ya rubuta game da shi: "Bugu da ƙari, ba makawa a cikin shirye-shiryen gasa da kuma shirya kide kide da wake-wake mai suna bayansa a Fort Worth da sauran biranen Texas, yana taimaka wa sashen kiɗa na Jami'ar Kirista, yana ba da gudummawa sosai. na lokaci zuwa ga babban sha'awar kiɗansa - opera: ya yi nazari sosai kuma yana haɓaka wasan opera a Amurka.

Clyburn yana da himma wajen tsara kiɗa. Yanzu waɗannan ba wasanni ba ne marasa fa'ida, kamar "Abin baƙin ciki Tunawa": ya juya zuwa manyan siffofi, yana haɓaka salon kansa. An kammala sonata na piano da sauran abubuwan ƙirƙira, waɗanda Clyburn, duk da haka, ba ya gaggawar bugawa.

Kowace rana ya karanta mai yawa: daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi littafinsa akwai Leo Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, wakoki na Soviet da mawaƙa na Amurka, littattafai akan tarihi, falsafar.

Sakamakon keɓe kai na dogon lokaci mai ƙirƙira yana da shubuha.

A zahiri, rayuwar Clyburn ba ta da wasan kwaikwayo. Babu cikas, babu cin nasara, amma kuma babu nau'ikan abubuwan da suka dace da mai zane. Gudun rayuwarsa ta yau da kullun ta ragu. Tsakanin shi da mutane yana da kasuwanci kamar Rodzinsky, wanda ke tsara mail, sadarwa, sadarwa. Abokai kaɗan ne ke shiga gidan. Clyburn ba shi da iyali, yara, kuma babu abin da zai iya maye gurbin su. Kusanci da kansa ya hana Clyburn tsohon akidarsa, rashin kulawa da kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba zai iya nunawa a cikin ikon ɗabi'a ba.

Mutumin shi kadai. Kamar dai kaɗaici kamar ƙwararren ɗan wasan chess Robert Fischer, wanda a lokacin shahararsa ya bar ƙwaƙƙwaran aikinsa na wasanni. A bayyane yake, akwai wani abu a cikin ainihin yanayin rayuwar Amurkawa wanda ke ƙarfafa masu yin halitta su shiga cikin keɓe kai a matsayin nau'i na kiyaye kai.

A bikin cika shekaru talatin na gasar Tchaikovsky ta farko, Van Cliburn ya gai da mutanen Soviet a talabijin: “Nakan tuna da Moscow sau da yawa. Ina tunawa da unguwannin bayan gari. Ina son ku…”

Mawaƙa kaɗan a cikin tarihin wasan kwaikwayon sun sami irin wannan haɓakar meteoric zuwa shahara kamar Van Cliburn. An riga an rubuta littattafai da kasidu, kasidu da wakoki game da shi - lokacin yana da shekaru 25, wani mai fasaha ya shiga cikin rayuwa - an riga an rubuta littattafai da labarai, kasidu da wakoki, masu zane-zane da masu zane-zane sun zana hotunansa, ya kasance. an rufe su da furanni da kuma kurame da tafi da dubban masu sauraro - wani lokacin nesa da kiɗa. Ya zama wanda aka fi so na gaske a cikin ƙasashe biyu a lokaci ɗaya - Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya buɗe shi ga duniya, sa'an nan kuma - kawai - a ƙasarsa, a Amurka, daga inda ya bar a matsayin daya daga cikin mawaƙa da ba a san su ba kuma inda ya kasance. ya dawo a matsayin jarumin kasa.

Duk waɗannan sauye-sauyen banmamaki na Van Cliburn - da kuma canjinsa zuwa Van Cliburn bisa ga umarnin masu sha'awar sa na Rasha - sabo ne sosai a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma an rubuta cikakkun bayanai a cikin tarihin rayuwar kiɗa don komawa gare su kuma. Saboda haka, ba za mu yi kokarin a nan don tada a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar masu karatu cewa m tashin hankali wanda ya sa Cliburn ta farko bayyanuwa a kan mataki na Babban Hall na Conservatory, cewa m fara'a wanda ya taka leda a cikin wadanda gasar kwanaki na farko Concerto na Tchaikovsky da kuma na uku Rachmaninov, cewa jin m babbar sha'awa da wanda kowa da kowa ya gaishe da labarai na ya bayar da mafi girma kyauta ... Our aikin ne mafi suna fadin - tuna da babban shaci na artist ta biography, wani lokacin rasa a cikin rafi na Legends da delights kewaye da sunansa. da kuma ƙoƙarin sanin ko wane wuri ne ya mamaye a cikin tsarin pianistic na zamaninmu, lokacin da kusan shekaru XNUMX suka shuɗe tun nasararsa ta farko - lokaci mai mahimmanci.

Da farko dai, ya kamata a jaddada cewa farkon tarihin rayuwar Cliburn ya yi nisa da farin ciki kamar na yawancin abokan aikinsa na Amurka. Duk da yake mafi kyawun su sun riga sun shahara tun yana da shekaru 25, Cliburn da kyar ya ci gaba da kasancewa a kan "filin kide-kide".

Ya sami darasin piano na farko yana ɗan shekara 4 daga mahaifiyarsa, sannan ya zama ɗalibi a Makarantar Juilliard a cikin ajin Rosina Levina (tun 1951). Amma tun kafin wannan lokacin, Wang ya fito a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar Piano ta Jihar Texas kuma ya fara fitowa fili a bainar jama'a yana dan shekara 13 da kungiyar Orchestra ta Houston Symphony. A cikin 1954, ya riga ya kammala karatunsa kuma ya sami karramawa don yin wasa tare da Orchestra na Philharmonic New York. Sa'an nan kuma matashin dan wasan kwaikwayo ya ba da kide-kide a cikin kasar har tsawon shekaru hudu, ko da yake ba tare da nasara ba, amma ba tare da "yin abin mamaki ba", kuma ba tare da wannan ba yana da wuya a ƙidaya akan daraja a Amurka. Nasarorin da aka samu a gasa da yawa na mahimmancin gida, waɗanda ya yi nasara cikin sauƙi a tsakiyar 50s, ba su kawo mata ba. Ko da lambar yabo ta Leventritt, wanda ya lashe a 1954, ba ta nufin tabbacin ci gaba a wancan lokacin - ya sami "nauyi" kawai a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. (Gaskiya, sanannen mai sukar I. Kolodin ya kira shi a sa'an nan "mafi kyawun sabon shiga a kan mataki," amma wannan bai ƙara kwangila ga mai zane ba.) A cikin kalma, Cliburn ba ya zama jagora a cikin manyan Amirkawa. Tawaga a gasar Tchaikovsky, sabili da haka abin da ya faru a Moscow ba kawai mamaki ba ne, amma kuma ya ba da mamaki ga Amurkawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da wannan magana a cikin sabon bugu na ƙamus na kiɗa na Slonimsky: “Ya zama sananne ba zato ba tsammani ta hanyar lashe lambar yabo ta Tchaikovsky a Moscow a 1958, ya zama Ba’amurke na farko da ya ci irin wannan nasara a Rasha, inda ya zama na farko da aka fi so; A lokacin da ya koma New York, an yi masa tarba a matsayin jarumi ta wata gagarumar zanga-zanga.” Tunanin wannan shaharar ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa a mahaifar mai zane a birnin Fort Worth na Gasar Piano ta Duniya mai suna bayansa.

An rubuta da yawa game da dalilin da yasa fasahar Cliburn ta zama daidai da zukatan masu sauraron Soviet. Daidai ya nuna mafi kyawun fasalulluka na fasaharsa - ikhlasi da spontaneity, haɗe tare da ƙarfi da sikelin wasan, shigar da furci na furci da jin daɗin sauti - a cikin kalma, duk waɗannan fasalulluka waɗanda ke sanya fasaharsa ta shafi hadisai. makarantar Rasha (daya daga cikin wakilan wanda shine R. Levin). Za a iya ci gaba da ƙididdige waɗannan fa'idodin, amma zai fi dacewa a mayar da mai karatu ga cikakken ayyukan S. Khentova da littafin A. Chesins da V. Stiles, da kuma labarai da yawa game da pianist. A nan yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa Cliburn babu shakka ya mallaki duk waɗannan halaye tun kafin gasar Moscow. Kuma idan a lokacin bai sami cancantar girmamawa a cikin mahaifarsa ba, to, ba zai yiwu ba, kamar yadda wasu 'yan jarida ke yi "a kan zafi mai zafi", ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyar "rashin fahimta" ko "rashin shiri" na masu sauraron Amurka. fahimtar irin wannan baiwar kawai. A'a, jama'ar da suka ji - kuma sun yaba - wasan kwaikwayo na Rachmaninov, Levin, Horowitz da sauran wakilan makarantar Rasha, ba shakka, za su yaba da basirar Cliburn. Amma, da farko, kamar yadda muka riga muka fada, wannan yana buƙatar wani nau'i na jin dadi, wanda ya taka rawar wani nau'i mai mahimmanci, kuma na biyu, an bayyana wannan basira ne kawai a Moscow. Kuma yanayi na ƙarshe shine watakila mafi tabbataccen ƙin yarda game da ikirari da aka yi sau da yawa a yanzu cewa ɗaiɗaicin ɗabi'a mai haske yana hana cin nasara wajen yin gasa, cewa na ƙarshe an ƙirƙira su ne kawai don 'yan pian ''matsakaici''. Akasin haka, ya kasance kawai lokacin da mutum ɗaya, wanda ya kasa bayyana kansa har zuwa ƙarshe a cikin "layin jigilar kaya" na rayuwar kide-kide na yau da kullum, ya bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman na gasar.

Saboda haka, Cliburn ya zama wanda aka fi so na masu sauraron Soviet, ya lashe kyautar duniya a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a Moscow. A lokaci guda kuma, shaharar da aka samu da sauri ta haifar da wasu matsaloli: dangane da asalinta, duk wanda ke da kulawa ta musamman da sha'awar ya bi ci gaban mai fasaha, wanda, kamar yadda ɗaya daga cikin masu sukar ya faɗi a alamance, dole ne ya “kori inuwar ɗaukakarsa” ko da yaushe. Kuma shi, wannan ci gaban, ya zama ba mai sauƙi ba ne, kuma yana da nisa daga koyaushe a sanya shi tare da madaidaiciyar layi mai hawa. Har ila yau, akwai lokuta na m stagnation, har ma da ja da baya daga lashe matsayi, kuma ba ko da yaushe nasara yunkurin fadada aikinsa na fasaha (a cikin 1964, Cliburn ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama jagora); an kuma yi bincike mai tsanani da kuma nasarorin da babu shakka wanda ya baiwa Van Cliburn damar a karshe ya samu gindin zama a tsakanin manyan ’yan wasan pian na duniya.

Duk waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na aikinsa na kiɗa sun biyo baya tare da farin ciki na musamman, tausayi da tsinkaye daga masoya kiɗa na Soviet, ko da yaushe suna sa ido ga sababbin tarurruka tare da mai zane, sabon rikodinsa tare da rashin haƙuri da farin ciki. Cliburn ya koma cikin Tarayyar Soviet sau da yawa - a cikin 1960, 1962, 1965, 1972. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ziyarar ya kawo wa masu sauraro farin ciki na gaske na sadarwa tare da babbar baiwar da ba ta shuɗe ba wacce ta riƙe mafi kyawun fasali. Cliburn ya ci gaba da jan hankalin masu sauraro tare da bayyana ra'ayi, shigar da wakoki, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran wasan, yanzu haɗe da babban balaga na yanke shawara da amincewar fasaha.

Waɗannan halayen zasu isa sosai don tabbatar da kyakkyawan nasara ga kowane ɗan wasan piano. Amma masu lura da hankali ba su kubuta daga alamun da ke damun su ba - asarar da ba za a iya musantawa ba na sabo na Cliburnian, farkon wasan, a lokaci guda ba a biya su ba (kamar yadda ya faru a cikin mafi yawan lokuta) ta hanyar sikelin aiwatarwa, ko kuma a maimakon haka, ta zurfin da asali na halayen ɗan adam, wanda masu sauraro ke da hakkin su yi tsammani daga balagagge mai yin. Saboda haka jin cewa mai zane yana maimaita kansa, "wasa Cliburn," kamar yadda masanin kide-kide kuma mai sukar D. Rabinovich ya lura a cikin labarinsa na musamman da kuma koyarwa "Van Cliburn - Van Cliburn".

An ji waɗannan alamun iri ɗaya a yawancin rikodi, galibi suna da kyau, wanda Cliburn ya yi tsawon shekaru. Daga cikin irin wannan rikodin akwai Beethoven's Third Concerto da Sonatas ("Pathetique", "Moonlight", "Appassionata" da sauransu), Liszt's Second Concerto da Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody akan Jigo na Paganini, Grieg's Concerto da Debussy's Pieces, Chopin's First Pieces. Concerto da solo guda na Brahms, sonatas na Barber da Prokofiev, kuma a ƙarshe, diski mai suna Van Cliburn's Encores. Zai zama alama cewa kewayon repertoire na mai zane yana da faɗi sosai, amma ya zamana cewa galibin waɗannan fassarori sune “sabbin bugu” na ayyukansa, waɗanda ya yi aiki a lokacin karatunsa.

Barazanar tabarbarewar kere-kere da ke fuskantar Van Cliburn ya haifar da halalcin damuwa a tsakanin masu sha'awar sa. A fili ya ji da artist da kansa, wanda a farkon 70s muhimmanci rage yawan kide-kide da kuma sadaukar da kansa a cikin zurfin ci gaba. Kuma yin la'akari da rahotannin jaridun Amurka, ayyukansa tun 1975 sun nuna cewa har yanzu mai zanen bai tsaya cik ba - fasaharsa ta zama mafi girma, mai tsanani, mafi mahimmanci. Amma a cikin 1978, Cliburn, bai gamsu da wani wasan kwaikwayon ba, ya sake dakatar da ayyukan kide kide da wake-wake, ya bar magoya bayansa da yawa takaici da rudani.

Shin Cliburn mai shekaru 52 ya yarda da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodinsa? - a 1986 an tambayi wani ɗan jarida na International Herald Tribune. - Idan muka yi la'akari da tsawon da m hanya na pianists irin su Arthur Rubinstein da Vladimir Horowitz (wanda kuma yana da dogon pauses), shi ne kawai a tsakiyar aikinsa. Me ya sa shi, fitaccen ɗan wasan piano haifaffen Amurka, ya daina da wuri? Gaji da kiɗa? Ko watakila wani m asusu na banki yana lallashe shi haka? Ko kuwa kwatsam ya rasa sha'awar shahara da yabon jama'a? Takaici da rayuwa mai ban tausayi na yawon shakatawa na kirki? Ko akwai wani dalili na sirri? A bayyane yake, amsar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin hadakar dukkanin wadannan abubuwan da wasu da ba mu san su ba."

Mai wasan piano da kansa ya fi son yin shiru akan wannan maki. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi kwanan nan, ya yarda cewa wani lokaci yakan duba sabbin kade-kaden da masu wallafa ke aika masa, kuma yana buga waka akai-akai, yana ajiye tsohon repertoire a shirye. Don haka, a kaikaice Cliburn ya bayyana a fili cewa ranar za ta zo da zai dawo fagen daga.

… Wannan rana ta zo kuma ta zama alama: a cikin 1987, Cliburn ya tafi wani ƙaramin mataki a cikin Fadar White House, sannan kuma mazaunin Shugaba Reagan, don yin magana a liyafar liyafar girmama Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, wanda yake a Amurka. Wasansa yana cike da zaburarwa, jin daɗin ƙauna ga ƙasarsa ta biyu - Rasha. Kuma wannan wasan kwaikwayo ya sanya sabon fata a cikin zukatan masu sha'awar zanen don ganawa da shi cikin gaggawa.

References: Chesins A. Stiles V. Labarin Van Clyburn. – M., 1959; Khentova S. Van Clyburn. - M., 1959, 3rd ed., 1966.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990