Thomas Beecham (Thomas Beecham) |

Thomas Beecham

Thomas Beecham yana ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da suka bar tambarin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni namu, a cikin rayuwar kiɗan ƙasarsu. Dan dan kasuwa, ya yi karatu a Oxford, bai taba halartar makarantar koyar da kide-kide ba ko ma makarantar kida: duk iliminsa ya takaita ne ga wasu darussa masu zaman kansu. Amma ya yanke shawarar kada ya shiga kasuwanci, amma don ya sadaukar da kansa ga kiɗa.

Fame ya zo Beecham riga a cikin 1899, bayan da ya taɓa maye gurbin Hans Richter a ƙungiyar kade-kade ta Halle.

Girman bayyanarsa, yanayin yanayi da kuma yadda ya yi na asali, wanda ya fi dacewa da rashin daidaituwa, da kuma girman halayensa ya kawo shaharar Beecham a duk faɗin duniya. Mai ba da labari mai wayo, mai ɗorewa kuma mai son tattaunawa da jama'a, da sauri ya kulla hulɗa da mawaƙa waɗanda suke jin daɗin yin aiki tare da shi. Watakila hakan ya sa Beecham ya zama wanda ya kafa kuma ya tsara yawan makada. A 1906 ya kafa New Symphony Orchestra, a 1932 London Philharmonic, da kuma a 1946 Royal Philharmonic. Dukkansu sun taka rawar gani sosai a rayuwar kiɗan Ingilishi tsawon shekaru da yawa.

Tun daga 1909 don gudanar da wasan opera, Beecham daga baya ya zama shugaban Covent Garden, wanda sau da yawa yana amfani da taimakon kuɗi. Amma sama da duka Beecham ya zama sananne a matsayin mawaƙin mai fassara. Babban mahimmanci, wahayi da tsabta sun nuna fassararsa na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, da farko Mozart, Berlioz, ayyukan mawaƙa na ƙarshen karni na XNUMX - R. Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov, Sibelius, da Stravinsky. "Akwai masu jagoranci," in ji ɗaya daga cikin masu sukar, "waɗanda sunansu ya dogara ne akan" Beethoven, "nasu" Brahms, "nasu" Strauss. Amma babu wani wanda Mozart ya kasance kyakkyawa mai ban mamaki, wanda Berlioz ya kasance mai kyan gani, wanda Schubert ya kasance mai sauƙi kuma mai rairayi kamar na Beecham. Daga cikin mawaƙan Ingilishi, Beecham ya fi yawan yin ayyukan F. Dilius, amma sauran mawallafa ba koyaushe suna samun gurbi ga kansu a cikin shirye-shiryensa.

Gudanarwa, Beecham ya sami damar samun tsafta mai ban mamaki, ƙarfi da haske na sautin ƙungiyar makaɗa. Ya yi ƙoƙari don "kowane mawaƙa ya taka nasa bangaren, kamar mawaƙin solo." Bayan na'urar wasan bidiyo wani mawaƙi ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya mallaki ikon mu'ujiza na rinjayar ƙungiyar makaɗa, wani tasirin "hypnotic" da ke fitowa daga duka siffarsa. Haka kuma, “babu ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya nuna,” kamar yadda marubucin littafin tarihin mai gudanarwa ya ce, “da aka koya kuma an san shi da wuri. Mambobin ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma sun san wannan, kuma yayin wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance a shirye don mafi ƙarancin pirouettes. Ayyukan da aka yi na maimaitawa ya iyakance ne kawai don nuna wa ƙungiyar makaɗa abin da jagoran ke son cimmawa a wurin wasan kwaikwayo. Amma Beecham koyaushe yana cike da son rai marar nasara, amincewa da tunaninsa. Kuma ya ci gaba da kawo su zuwa rai. Ga duk asalin yanayin fasaharsa, Beecham ya kasance kyakkyawan ƙwararren ɗan wasa. Yana gudanar da wasan opera sosai, ya baiwa mawakan dama su bayyana cikakkiyar damarsu. Beecham shine farkon wanda ya fara gabatarwa ga jama'ar Ingilishi irin su Caruso da Chaliapin.

Beecham ya zagaya kasa da takwarorinsa, yana ba da kuzari sosai ga kungiyoyin mawakan Ingilishi. Amma kuzarinsa ba ya ƙarewa, kuma tun yana ɗan shekara tamanin ya yi babban balaguron balaguro a Turai da Kudancin Amurka, galibi ana yin shi a Amurka. Ba karamin shahara a wajen Ingila ya kawo masa faifai masu yawa; sai kawai a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa ya fitar da bayanai fiye da talatin.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek