Sigina music |
kiɗan sigina - kiɗa don dalilai masu amfani, daga zamanin da da ake amfani da su a cikin sojojin soja da kuma cikin rayuwar farar hula. Ya haɗa da soja, farauta, majagaba da alamun wasanni don ƙaho (bugle) da ganga, gaisuwar fanfare da alamun gargaɗi na sasantawa, masu shela, masu shela, S. m. bukukuwan jama'a da bikin hukuma na duniya. A farkon mataki a cikin ci gaban ƙarfin S. m. ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin daidaita horo, ayyukan yaƙi da rayuwar sojojin. Rasha tarihin tarihi da ƙanƙanta da ke kwatanta su sun shaida wanzuwar kayan aikin sigina a cikin Dr. Rasha tun daga karni na 10. An yi amfani da ƙaho, madaidaitan bututu, tambourine (ganguna) da nakra (timpani) sosai a lokacin. Waɗannan kayan aikin ana samun su a cikin kowane babban rukunin sojoji kuma an yi amfani da su azaman kayan siginar yaƙi. Sun kasance amintacciyar hanyar faɗakarwa, sadarwa da ba da umarni da sarrafa sojoji a lokacin yaƙi. Alamar farkon yaƙi ko kai hari kan sansanin soja yawanci ana yin ta ne da ƙarar ƙarar dukan sojoji. kayan aikin sigina. Haka kuma aka yi shelar ja da baya, an taru da sojoji bayan an yi yakin, umarnin sauya alkiblar tafiya. A lokacin yakin, musamman a karni na 17-18, an yi amfani da ganga. Kayan aikin sigina sun sami aikace-aikace a cikin kiɗa. tsara al’adun soja kamar wayewar gari, kafa masu gadi, taron jakadu, binne matattun sojoji. Na 17 in. kayan aikin sigina sun inganta sosai. An fara yin bututun a cikin juzu'i da yawa, ganguna sun zama cylindrical. siffa kuma, ba kamar na baya ba, an fara ba da ba ɗaya ba, amma membranes guda biyu, timpani ya fara yin tagulla ko azurfa kuma an yi masa ado. Tun daga karni na 18, an sami ƙaho na ƙaho a cikin sojojin. Bayan samuwar sojojin na yau da kullum na Rasha da kuma gabatar da ka'idojin soja na farko, kiɗan siginar ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan soja. Tare da haɓaka makamai. dakarun sun fara daukar salo da sojoji. alamun da ke nuna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ayyukan tashin hankali da sabis na kowane nau'in sojoji. Wannan kuma ya ƙayyade yanayin amfani da kayan aikin sigina. Don haka, an yi amfani da bututu, wanda ke da sauti mai ƙarfi da mafi girma na sauti na yanayi, a cikin sojan doki da bindigogi, inda aka gudanar da duk ayyuka a horo da yaki tare da taimakon sautin ƙararrawa, ƙaho - a cikin sojojin ruwa da na ruwa, sarewa. da ganguna - a cikin mayaƙa, timpani - a cikin sojan doki. C. m. ya kiyaye ma'anarsa ko da ya kai ga ma'anar. ci gaban kiɗan soja, ƙungiyoyin soja na cikakken lokaci sun bayyana, an haɗa su da ƙungiyoyin soja da tsarin. Wasu kayan aikin sigina (bututu, ƙahoni) sun sami darajar kayan tarihi kuma an daidaita su da mafi girman lambobin yabo na soja na rukunin soja. Na farko irin wannan lambar yabo ya faru a shekara ta 1737, lokacin da daya daga cikin bataliyoyin na Life Guards na Izmailovsky rajimanti, wanda ya bambanta kanta a cikin fadace-fadace a lokacin kama Ochakov sansanin soja, aka bayar da ƙaho siginar azurfa. Tun daga nan, don cancantar soja na musamman, tsarin mulkin Rasha. sojojin sun fara samun kyautar azurfa da St.
Bayan Babban Oct. gurguzu. na juyin juya hali, S. m. An ci gaba da amfani da shi sosai a cikin sojoji da kuma cikin rayuwar farar hula. Dangane da canji mai tsauri a cikin hanyoyin da hanyoyin yaƙi, wasu sojoji. sigina sun rasa mahimmancinsu a cikin sojojin (misali, mayaƙan doki da manyan bindigogi). Duk da haka, a gaba ɗaya, sigina a cikin sojoji da na ruwa sun kasance daya daga cikin hanyoyin gargadi da umarni da iko da sojoji, suna taimakawa wajen aiwatar da aikin yau da kullum na yau da kullum, cimma daidaito da kuma bayyanawa a cikin ayyukan raka'a a cikin yaki, a kan. tafiya, motsa jiki, harbe-harbe, da kuma aikin horo. Ayyukan S.m. a kan busa ƙaho, fanfare da ganguna a lokacin ibadar sojoji na ba su wani biki na musamman. A cikin sojojin ƙasa na Soviet sojojin suna amfani da ƙaho a cikin kunna C, da fanfare a Es tuning da drum na kamfanin, a cikin sojojin ruwa da bugle a B tuning. haka kuma a lokutan wasanni (Wasanni na Olympics, kwanakin wasanni, gasa, gasa, wasannin fasaha), a cikin fasaha. da fina-finan ilimi. Shepherd's, gidan waya, titin jirgin kasa. sigina. Abubuwan da aka bayar na S.M. sune tushen wasu da dama. kidan jarumai da kiwo. batutuwa; ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da salon yaki na yaki. tafiya.
References: Odoevsky VF, Kwarewa game da yaren kiɗa, ko telegraph…, St. Petersburg, 1833; Altenburg JE, Versuch einer Anleitung zur heroisch-musikalischen Trompeter- und Pauker-Kunst, Halle, 1795.
XM Khakhanyan
