Kyautar kiɗan |

Kyautar kiɗa – lambobin yabo da aka bayar ga Figures na muses. art-va - mawaƙa, masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, masana kiɗa, masu suka, instr. masters, malamai, da dai sauransu ga daidaikun fitattun ayyuka ko don haɗakar ƙirƙira. nasarori. P. ana bayar da su ne a kan sakamakon gasa na musamman da aka kafa (duba gasa), da kuma yanke shawara na gwamnatoci. cibiyoyi, daban-daban music ob-in, account. cibiyoyi, t-tsalle, gidajen buga littattafai, da sauransu; a cikin kasashen jari hujja - masu zaman kansu, masu ba da agaji. Babban rarraba kiɗa. An samo abubuwa a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20, lokacin da a cikin ƙasashe da yawa suka fara ƙirƙirar iri-iri. about-va da kudade domin karfafa gwiwar mawakan matasa. Mafi sau da yawa sun taso a Jamus; A matsayinka na mai mulki, sun ɗauki sunayen manyan mawaƙa—F. Mendelssohn, WA Mozart, J. Meyerbeer, R. Wagner, da sauransu. Rimskaya P. a Paris, da Beethoven P. da PP im. Paderevsky a Amurka, Glinkin's P. a Rasha, daga baya - Roman P. a Belgium (wanda aka tsara akan Paris), malanta Mendelssohn a Burtaniya, P. im. Schubert, JS Bach, L. Beethoven, L. Spohr in decomp. biranen Jamus, da dai sauransu. Al'adar rabon P. izdat. kamfanoni don mafi kyawun op. wani nau'i; iya, con. Gidan bugawa na karni na 19 "Ricordi" (Italiya) lambar yabo P. don kiɗan operatic. A cikin Amurka daga cikin mahimmanci - P. zuwa gare su. Pulitzer, su. J. Gershwin, su. C. Ditson, Ford da Guggenheim Foundations, da sauransu. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II (2-1939), an kafa ɗakunan rikodi da yawa a fagen rikodi, na fasaha da fasaha. ayyukan da aka bayar ta musamman intl. juri a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, Amurka da Japan.

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Lenin Prize (tun 1957) da kuma Jiha Prize na USSR (1940-52 da kuma tun 1967) aka bayar ga mafi girma nasarori a fagen music. Resp. Gos P. Nasarorin da mawakan suka samu a dukkan ƙungiyoyi da mn. Jamhuriyar USSR mai cin gashin kansa: Azerbaijan. SSR (mai suna U. Hajibekova, c. 1966), Arm. SSR (mai suna bayan A. Khachaturyan - don mawaƙa, kuma mai suna bayan A. Danielyan - don masu wasan kwaikwayo, 1965), BSSR (1966), Georgia. SSR (mai suna Sh. Rustaveli, 1965), Kazakh. SSR (mai suna bayan K. Baiseitovoy kuma mai suna bayan Kurmangazy, 1965), Kirg. SSR (mai suna bayan Toktogula Satylganova, 1966), Latv. SSR (1957), Lit. SSR (1957), Mold. SSR (1965), RSFSR (mai suna MI Glinki, 1965), Taj. SSR (im. Rudaki, 1963), Turkm. SSR (mai suna Makhtumkuli, 1966), Uzb. SSR (mai suna Hamzy, 1964), USSR (mai suna TG Shevchenko, 1961), Est. SSR (1957), Tat. ASSR (mai suna G. Tukaya, 1958), Yakut. ASSR (1966) da sauransu. Prisuzhdatus kuma P. Kwamitin tsakiya na VLKSM da kwamitin tsakiya na Komsomol na Jamhuriyar Tarayyar, Kwamitin tsakiya na USSR da sauransu. Yanke shawara kan bada Gos. P. ana buga su a tsakiya, resp. da kuma tambarin yanki na ranar tunawa da juyin juya halin Oktoba na 1917.

A sauran gurguzu. kasashe P. mawakan suna bayar da jiha. da al'ummomi. kungiyoyi (a Bulgaria - P. mai suna G. Dimitrov, a Hungary - L. Kossuth, a cikin GDR - Nats. P., da dai sauransu).

MM Yakovlev