Canji mai canzawa |
Haushi mai canzawa - yanayin da aikin tushen (tonic) ke canzawa ta hanyar sautuna daban-daban na ma'auni iri ɗaya, da kuma yanayin, wanda ma'auninsa ya canza tare da tonic (tonic) (bisa ga IV Sposobin).
Manufar "P. l." yawanci ana amfani da shi zuwa farkon waɗannan hanyoyin, kodayake yakamata a kira shi variable-tonal, kuma na biyu - a zahiri
Waƙar gargajiya ta Rasha "Kai ne filina."
damuwa mai canzawa. P.l. kowa a Nar. music, musamman a Rasha. Yana da alaƙa da raunin cibiyar tonal yana ba shi damar canzawa cikin sauƙi zuwa kusan kowane mataki, kuma babu jin daɗin daidaitawa. Bambanci tsakanin sauyawa-modal sauyawa na tallafi daga daidaitawa shine rashin barin maɓalli ɗaya da kafa wani, ko a cikin haɗin biyu ko fiye. maɓallai (tare da ma'auni ɗaya) zuwa cikin modal gabaɗaya. Ji na biyu ko fiye yana rinjaye. launuka na tsarin modal iri ɗaya (MI Glinka, "Ivan Susanin", 1st act, chorus "Ice ya ɗauki kogin cike"). Wannan shi ne sananne musamman a cikin mafi yawan nau'i na P. l. - a layi daya-madaidaicin damuwa (duba misalin da ke sama, da kuma misali na waƙar Rasha "Yarinya ya yi tafiya tare da gandun daji" a cikin labarin tsarin sauti). Ƙaunar sauye-sauye daga goyon baya ɗaya zuwa wani, wanda ya saba da P. l., yana ba shi yanayin kwanciyar hankali. Duk da haka, wani fassarar fassararsa kuma yana yiwuwa - duba, alal misali, wani yanki na 2nd act of the opera Prince Igor by Borodin:
Rawar maza ta dade.
A cikin ka'idojin tsakiyar zamanai. frets don kalmar "P. l." Ma'anar da ke da alaƙa ita ce tonus peregrinus ("wandering tone", misali, a cikin waƙar antiphon "Nos qui vivimus"), wanda ke nuna ƙarshen waƙar a cikin decomp. na ƙarshe, da kuma sauye-sauye na wasu goyan bayan fret. Tunanin karni na 17 yana kama da ma'ana. alteratio modi ("canjin yanayin"), shafi guntun da suka fara cikin sautin ɗaya kuma ƙare a wani (na K. Bernhard); ana iya fassara canjin sautin duka a matsayin daidaitawa da kuma azaman P.l. NP Diletskii (70s na karni na 17) yana tsammanin ra'ayin P. l. a cikin rukunan "mixed music". Don canjin yanayi a cikin Rashanci. nar. NA Lvov (1790) ya jawo hankali ga waƙoƙin, kuma ya bayyana su a matsayin "waɗanda ba su da kyau" (waƙoƙi na 25 da 30 daga tarin "Tarin Wakokin Jama'a na Rasha da Muryarsu ..." na Lvov-Prach). Amma a cikin ainihin manufar da kalmar "Pl." VL Yavorsky ne ya fara gabatar da shi. Ma'anarsa bayanin ya tafasa zuwa gaskiyar cewa wasu sautunan suna da ƙarfi a cikin wani ɓangaren tsarin tsarin, kuma ba su da ƙarfi a wani (nauyi mai jujjuyawa, a cewar VA Zuckerman, alal misali, sauti ga).
Yu. N. Tyulin ya haɗu da abin da ya faru na P. l. tare da haɓaka ayyukan maɓalli masu canzawa.
References: Lvov HA, Kan Waƙar Jama'ar Rasha, a cikin littafinsa: Tarin Wakokin Jama'a na Rasha da Muryarsu, St. Petersburg, 1790, an sake bugawa. M., 1955; Diletsky HP, Grammar Musician, (St. Petersburg), 1910; Protopopov EV, Abubuwan tsarin tsarin magana na kiɗa, sassan 1-2. M., 1930; Tyulin Yu. N., Littafin daidaitawa, sashi na 2, M., 1959; Vakhromeev VA, Tsarin Modal na waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha da nazarinsa a cikin ka'idar ka'idar kiɗa ta farko, M., 1968; Sposobin IV, Lakcoci akan tafarkin jituwa, M., 1969; Protopopov VI, Nikolai Diletsky da "Nahawa Kiɗa", "Musica Antiqua", IV, Bydgoszcz, 1975; Tsukerman VA, Wasu tambayoyi na jituwa, a cikin littafinsa: kasidu na ka'idar kida da ka'idar, vol. 2, M., 1975; Müller-Blattau J., Die Kompositionslehre Heinrich Schützens a cikin der Fassung seines Schülers Christoph Bernhard, Lpz., 1926, Kassel ua, 1963.
Yu. H. Kholopov
