Karatun kiɗa |
nope Sanarwa ta Kiɗa, франц. la declamation musicale, Turanci musical shela
1) A cikin ma'ana mai fadi - rabo a wok. aikin magana da kiɗa. Ya shafi duka magana da kiɗa. tsari da abun ciki na tsarin abubuwa na magana da kiɗa. Wok. kiɗa yana da babban yuwuwar ingantaccen watsa jam'i. fasali na magana. Don haka, hawan hawan da saukowa na sautin murya na iya dacewa da hawan hawan da gangarowar waƙar; lafazin magana - lafazin kiɗa; rarraba magana cikin jimloli, jimloli, waƙa. Lines da stanzas - bi da bi. sassan waƙa. Def. muhimmanci ga D.m. siffofi ne na nat. lafazin magana, rhyths, amfani da larabci. ko kuma waka. rubutu (na karshen yana da ƙarin wuraren tuntuɓar kiɗa).
Halin zuwa ga mafi ingancin haifuwa a cikin wok. kidan waqoqin waqoqi har ma da larura na da daxaxen tarihi; A cikin ma'anar lokaci tare da mawaƙa guda ɗaya ta yi rawar gani sosai (misali operas "The Stone Guest" na Dargomyzhsky da "Aure" na Mussorgsky). Duk da haka, a lokacin da sake haifar da intonations na magana, music ba ya gane da arziki yiwuwa na muses. gabaɗaya a cikin waƙar, haɓakawa daidai da madaidaicin muses. na yau da kullun; wok. Bangaren da ke cikin waɗannan lokuttan yana samun ƙarin ko žasa da yanayin mai karantawa, wanda ba shi da faffadan numfashi da farin ciki na gaske. Ba daidaituwa ba ne, alal misali, Mussorgsky ya ɗauki wasan opera The Marriage kawai a matsayin gwaji, misali. aiki. Wasu diyya na iya zama a matsayin instr. rakiya, ya cika wok. wasa kuma yana sake haifar da motsin rai. subtext na magana, wanda ba ya iya cikakkiyar isar da wok na karantawa. kaya. Rabo mai kama da wok. jam'iyyun da rakiya suna bambanta da balagagge operas na R. Wagner (an haife shi daga kalmomin "waƙar waƙa marar iyaka" a cikin sassan murya), waƙoƙin H. Wolf, da dai sauransu. Sauran matsananci a fagen bayyanawa shine haɓakar waƙar kyauta. a cikin sautin murya, yin watsi da abubuwan da ke tattare da kwararar rubutu na magana, da kara kuzarinsa, da fadinsa, da sauransu. Wannan hanya ta fassarar rubutu a cikin kiɗa yana da halayen wasu misalan Italiyanci. wasan operas. Kwarewar tarihi ta nuna cewa fasaha mafi gamsarwa. Ana samun sakamako a waɗancan lokuta lokacin da mawaƙin ya zaɓi hanyar “tsakiyar” – ƙoƙarin kiyayewa cikin tsarin daidaitaccen furci na rubutu, a lokaci guda ƙirƙirar waƙa mai zagaye da ke ƙunshe da madaidaitan muses. gama gari. A wannan yanayin, mawaƙin kiɗa na roba hoton zai iya zama mafi arziƙi fiye da yanayin haɓakar sautin magana mai sauƙi, tunda kiɗa ba wai kawai yana isar da rubutu ga mai sauraro ba, amma kuma yana bayyana ji da yanayin da ke tare da shi a zahiri. , waxanda suke waqa. rubutun yana nunawa kawai a kaikaice da iyaka. digiri. Daidaita irin wannan dabi'u biyu da aka ambata a sama siffa ce ta Nar. kara pl. kasashe, don kiɗa. litattafai, na kasashen waje (operas na WA Mozart, oratorios na J. Haydn, wakokin F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, da dai sauransu), da kuma Rashanci (operas da romance na MI Glinka, AS Dargomyzhsky, MP Mussorgsky, AP Borodin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky da sauransu). Suna lura da yawa. Kiɗa na ƙarni na 20 kuma ya ƙunshi misalan D.m., yana haɗa da dabarar haifuwa na sifofin magana da kuma daidaitaccen bayanin kida. (operas ta C. Debussy, L. Janachek, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich da sauransu).
2) Matsayin aminci ga haifuwar waka. rubutu, yanayinsa zai bayyana. wok pronunciations. makala. Bambance-bambance daga daidaitaccen lafazin rubutu a cikin wok. kiɗa, abin da ake kira. Kuskuren karatun galibi ana haɗa su da lafazin (metric, dynamic, pitch) akan baƙaƙen rubutun da ba a matsawa ba. Suna tasowa ba kawai lokacin da mawaƙi ya ƙirƙiri kiɗa ba, har ma lokacin fassara Orig. wak text. samfur. zuwa wani harshe (duba fassarar Equirhythmic).
3) Daidai da melodeclamation.
References: Ogolevets AS, Kalma da kiɗa a cikin nau'ikan murya da ban mamaki, M., 1960; nasa, Mussorgsky's Vocal Dramaturgy, M., 1966; Asafiev BV, Maganar Magana, L., 1971; Vasina-Grossman VA, Kiɗa da kalmar waƙa, sashi na 1, Rhythm, M., 1972.
