George Enescu |

George Enescu

"Ba na jinkirin sanya shi a cikin sahun farko na mawaƙa na zamaninmu… Wannan ya shafi kerawa ba kawai ga mawaƙa ba, har ma da duk nau'ikan ayyukan kiɗan na ƙwararren mai fasaha - violinist, madugu, pianist… wadancan mawakan da na sani. Enescu shi ne ya fi dacewa, ya kai babban kamala a cikin halittunsa. Mutuncinsa na ɗan adam, kunyarsa da ƙarfin ɗabi'a sun sa ni sha'awa… ”A cikin waɗannan kalmomin P. Casals, an ba da cikakken hoto na J. Enescu, mawaƙi mai ban mamaki, sanannen makarantar mawaƙa ta Romania.

An haifi Enescu kuma ya shafe shekaru 7 na farko na rayuwarsa a wani yanki na karkara a arewacin Moldova. Hotunan yanayi na asali da rayuwar ƙauye, bukukuwan ƙauye tare da waƙoƙi da raye-raye, sautin doins, ballads, waƙoƙin kayan aiki na jama'a har abada sun shiga tunanin ɗan yaro mai ban sha'awa. Har ma a lokacin, an kafa ginshiƙan farko na wannan ra'ayi na duniya, wanda zai zama yanke hukunci ga dukan yanayin halitta da ayyukansa.

Enescu ya sami ilimi a manyan ma'aikatun Turai guda biyu - Vienna, inda a cikin 1888-93. karatu a matsayin violinist, da kuma Parisian - a nan a 1894-99. ya inganta a cikin ajin sanannen violinist kuma malami M. Marsik kuma ya yi karatun hada-hadar tare da manyan mashahurai guda biyu - J. Massenet, sannan G. Fauré.

Hazaka da hazaka na matashin Romanian, wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu tare da mafi girman bambance-bambance (a Vienna - lambar yabo, a Paris - Grand Prix), malamansa sun lura da shi koyaushe. “Ɗanka zai kawo ɗaukaka mai-girma gareka, da fasaharmu, da ƙasarsa,” Mason ya rubuta wa mahaifin George ɗan shekara sha huɗu. “Mai aiki tuƙuru, mai tunani. Mai hazaka na musamman, ”in ji Faure.

Enescu ya fara aikinsa a matsayin dan wasan violin na kide-kide yana dan shekara 9, a lokacin da ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo na sadaka a kasarsa; a lokaci guda, amsa ta farko ta bayyana: labarin jarida "Romanian Mozart". Enescu na farko a matsayin mawaki ya faru a Paris: a cikin 1898, shahararren E. Colonne ya gudanar da opus na farko, Waƙar Romania. Waƙar soyayya mai haske da ƙuruciya ta kawo wa marubucin duka babbar nasara tare da ƙwararrun masu sauraro, da karɓuwa a cikin jaridu, kuma mafi mahimmanci, tsakanin abokan aiki masu buƙata.

Jim kadan bayan haka, matashin marubucin ya gabatar da "Waka" a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa a cikin Bucharest Aeneum, wanda zai shaida yawancin nasarorin da ya samu. Wato karon farko da ya fara a matsayin madugu, da kuma farkon sanin 'yan uwansa da Enescu mawakin.

Kodayake rayuwar mawaƙin kide-kide ta tilasta wa Enescu zama sau da yawa kuma na dogon lokaci a wajen ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, amma ya yi abin mamaki ga al'adun kiɗan Romania. Enescu yana daga cikin masu farawa da masu shirya abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ƙasa, kamar buɗe gidan wasan opera na dindindin a Bucharest, tushe na Society of Romanian Composers (1920) - ya zama shugabanta na farko; Enescu ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar kade-kade na kade-kade a cikin Iasi, wanda a kan tushensa ne philharmonic ya tashi.

Ci gaban makarantar mawaƙa ta ƙasa shi ne abin da ya dame shi musamman. A cikin 1913-46. a kai a kai ya na cire kudade daga kudaden da ya ke yi na kade-kade na bai wa matasa mawaka, babu wani hazikin mawaki a kasar da ba zai zama gwarzon wannan lambar yabo ba. Enescu ya tallafa wa mawaƙa da kuɗi, ɗabi'a, da ƙirƙira. A cikin shekarun da aka yi yaƙe-yaƙe biyu, bai yi balaguro zuwa wajen ƙasar ba, yana cewa: “Sa’ad da ƙasara take shan wahala, ba zan iya rabuwa da ita ba.” Da fasaharsa, mawakin ya kawo ta'aziyya ga mutanen da ke shan wahala, yana wasa a asibitoci da kuma asusu na taimakon marayu, yana taimakon masu fasaha da suke da bukata.

Mafi kyawun gefen ayyukan Enescu shine wayewar kiɗa. Shahararren dan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka zarge shi da sunayen manyan wuraren kide-kide a duniya, ya sha zagaya ko'ina cikin Romania tare da kide-kide, ya yi a birane da garuruwa, yana kawo manyan fasaha ga mutanen da aka hana su. A Bucharest, Enescu ya yi tare da manyan zagayen kide-kide, a karon farko a Romania ya yi ayyuka na gargajiya da na zamani da yawa (Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony, A. Khachaturian's Violin Concerto).

Enescu mai fasaha ne na ɗan adam, ra'ayinsa na demokradiyya ne. Ya yi Allah wadai da zalunci da yaƙe-yaƙe, ya tsaya a kan matsaya na adawa da mulkin Fascist. Bai sanya fasaharsa a hidimar mulkin kama-karya a Romania ba, ya ki yawo a Jamus da Italiya a lokacin mulkin Nazi. A cikin 1944, Enescu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kuma mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar abokantaka na Romanian-Soviet. A 1946, ya zo a kan yawon shakatawa zuwa Moscow da kuma yi a cikin biyar kide kide a matsayin violinist, pianist, madugu, mawaki, biya haraji ga nasara mutane.

Idan shaharar Enescu mai wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance a duniya, to aikin mawaƙin nasa a lokacin rayuwarsa bai sami kyakkyawar fahimta ba. Duk da cewa ƙwararru sun yaba wa waƙarsa, amma ba a cika jin ta ga jama'a ba. Sai dai bayan mutuwar mawakin aka yaba da babban muhimmancinsa a matsayin classic kuma shugaban makarantar mawaƙa ta ƙasa. A cikin aikin Enescu, babban wurin yana shagaltar da manyan layuka 2: jigon ƙasar uwa da falsafar falsafar "mutum da dutse". Hotunan yanayi, rayuwar karkara, nishaɗi mai ban sha'awa tare da raye-raye na kai tsaye, tunani game da makomar mutane - duk wannan yana tattare da ƙauna da fasaha a cikin ayyukan mawaƙa: "Waƙar Romania" (1897). 2 Rhapsodies na Romania (1901); Na biyu (1899) da na uku (1926) sonatas na violin da piano (Na uku, daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan mawaƙa, an subtitled "a cikin Roman jama'a hali"), "Country Suite" for Orchestra (1938), suite for violin da piano "Sha'awar yara" (1940), da dai sauransu.

Rikicin mutumin da ke da mugayen karfi – na waje da boye a cikin dabi’arsa – musamman yana damun mawaki a tsakiyar shekarunsa da kuma bayansa. Na biyu (1914) da na uku (1918) karimci, quartets (Na biyu Piano - 1944, Na Biyu String - 1951), symphonic waka tare da mawaƙa "Kira na Teku" (1951), Enescu's swan song - Chamber Symphony (1954) an sadaukar. ga wannan batu. Wannan jigon ya fi zurfi da yawa a cikin opera Oedipus. Mawaƙin yayi la'akari da bala'i na kiɗa (a cikin libre, bisa ga tatsuniyoyi da bala'o'in Sophocles) "aikin rayuwarsa", ya rubuta shi shekaru da yawa (an kammala ci a 1931, amma an rubuta opera a cikin clavier a 1923). ). Anan ra'ayin juriya da ba za a iya sulhuntawa ba na mutum zuwa ga rundunonin mugunta, an tabbatar da nasararsa akan kaddara. Oedipus ya bayyana a matsayin jarumi kuma mai daraja, azzalumi-mai gwagwarmaya. Na farko da aka yi a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1936, wasan opera ya yi babbar nasara; duk da haka, a cikin mahaifar marubucin, an fara aiwatar da shi ne kawai a cikin 1958. An gane Oedipus a matsayin mafi kyawun wasan opera na Romania kuma ya shiga cikin wasan opera na Turai na karni na XNUMX.

Siffar ƙin yarda “mutum da kaddara” sau da yawa yakan haifar da takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru a zahirin Romania. Don haka, an rubuta babbar waƙa ta uku tare da Chorus (1918) a ƙarƙashin tunanin bala'i na mutane a yakin duniya na farko; yana nuna hotunan mamayewa, juriya, kuma ƙarshensa yana kama da wani abu ga duniya.

Ƙayyadaddun tsarin Enescu shine haɗakar ka'idodin jama'a-ƙasa tare da al'adun romanticism kusa da shi (tasirin R. Wagner, I. Brahms, S. Frank ya kasance mai karfi musamman) kuma tare da nasarorin da aka samu na Faransanci, tare da wanda ya zama dangi a tsawon shekarun rayuwarsa a Faransa (ya kira wannan ƙasa a matsayin gida na biyu). A gare shi, da farko dai, tarihin Rumaniya shine ainihin ɗan ƙasa, wanda Enescu ya sani sosai kuma cikakke, ana yaba masa sosai kuma yana ƙauna, yana la'akari da shi tushen duk wani ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru: “Tatsuniyarmu ba kawai kyakkyawa ba ce. Shi ma’aji ne na hikimar jama’a.”

Duk tushen tsarin Enescu sun samo asali ne a cikin tunanin kiɗan jama'a - waƙa, tsarin metro-rhythmic, fasalulluka na ma'ajin modal, tsarawa.

"Ayyukansa mai ban mamaki yana da tushensa a cikin kiɗa na jama'a," waɗannan kalmomi na D. Shostakovich sun bayyana ainihin fasaha na fitaccen mawaƙin Romania.

R. Leites

Akwai mutanen da ba zai yiwu ba a ce "shi dan wasan violin ne" ko "shi dan piano ne", fasaharsu, kamar dai, ta tashi "sama" kayan aikin da suke bayyana halinsu ga duniya, tunani da gogewa. ; akwai mutane waɗanda gaba ɗaya sun takure a cikin tsarin sana'ar kiɗa ɗaya. Daga cikin waɗannan akwai George Enescu, babban ɗan wasan violin na Romania, mawaƙi, madugu, kuma mai piano. violin na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sana'o'insa na kiɗa, amma ya fi sha'awar kiɗan piano, tsarawa, da gudanarwa. Kuma gaskiyar cewa Enescu ɗan wasan violin ya lulluɓe Enescu ɗan pianist, mawaki, mai gudanarwa shine watakila mafi girman rashin adalci ga wannan mawaƙi mai hazaka. Arthur Rubinstein ya ce: “Mai ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwallo ne da har na ji kishinsa. A matsayinsa na jagora, Enescu ya yi aiki a duk manyan biranen duniya kuma ya kamata a sanya shi cikin manyan mashahuran zamaninmu.

Idan har yanzu Enescu madugu da pianist aka ba su hakkinsu, to an kimanta aikinsa sosai cikin ladabi, kuma wannan shi ne bala'insa, wanda ya bar hatimin bakin ciki da rashin gamsuwa a tsawon rayuwarsa.

Enescu abin alfahari ne na al'adun kiɗa na Romania, mai fasaha wanda ke da alaƙa da duk fasaharsa tare da ƙasarsa ta haihuwa; haka kuma, dangane da fagagen ayyukansa da irin gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen wakokin duniya, muhimmancinsa ya wuce iyakokin kasa.

A matsayinsa na ɗan wasan violin, Enescu ya kasance mara misaltuwa. A cikin wasansa, fasahohin ɗayan makarantun violin na Turai masu ladabi - makarantar Faransanci - an haɗa su tare da fasahohin wasan kwaikwayon "lautar" na mutanen Romania, suna tunawa tun lokacin yaro. Sakamakon wannan haɗakarwa, an ƙirƙiri wani salo na musamman, na asali wanda ya bambanta Enescu da sauran masu son violin. Enescu mawaƙin violin ne, ɗan wasan fasaha da mafi kyawun zato da tunani. Bai yi wasa ba, amma ya ƙirƙira a kan mataki, yana ƙirƙirar nau'in haɓakar waƙar waƙa. Babu wani wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi kama da wani, cikakken 'yancin fasaha ya ba shi damar canza ko da fasahar fasaha yayin wasan. Wasansa ya kasance kamar magana mai ban sha'awa tare da ɗimbin ra'ayi. Game da salon sa, Oistrakh ya rubuta: “Enescu ɗan wasan violin yana da fasali ɗaya mai mahimmanci - wannan siffa ce ta musamman na furucin baka, wanda ba shi da sauƙin amfani. Bayyana bayanin magana yana cikin kowane bayanin kula, kowane rukuni na bayanin kula (wannan kuma siffa ce ta wasan Menuhin, ɗalibin Enescu).

Enescu ya kasance mahalicci a cikin komai, har ma a cikin fasahar violin, wanda ya kasance sabon abu a gare shi. Kuma idan Oistrakh ya ambaci bayyani na baka a matsayin sabon salon fasahar bugun jini na Enescu, to George Manoliu ya yi nuni da cewa ka'idojin yatsansa sun kasance kamar sabbin abubuwa. "Enescu," in ji Manoliu, "yana kawar da yatsa a matsayi kuma, ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahohin tsawaitawa sosai, don haka yana guje wa gulmar da ba dole ba." Enescu ya sami sauƙi na musamman na layin maɗaukaki, duk da cewa kowace jumla ta riƙe tashin hankali.

Yin kidan ya kusan zama na magana, ya ɓullo da nasa hanyar rarraba baka: a cewar Manoliu, Enescu ko dai ya raba ɗimbin legato zuwa ƙanana, ko kuma ya ware bayanin kula guda ɗaya a cikinsu, yayin da yake kiyaye gaba ɗaya. "Wannan zaɓi mai sauƙi, da alama mara lahani, ya ba baka sabon numfashi, kalmar ta sami haɓaka, rayuwa mai haske." Yawancin abin da Enescu ya haɓaka, ta hanyar kansa da kuma ta ɗalibinsa Menuhin, sun shiga aikin violin na duniya na ƙarni na XNUMX.

An haifi Enescu a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1881 a ƙauyen Liven-Vyrnav a Moldova. Yanzu ana kiran wannan ƙauyen George Enescu.

Mahaifin dan wasan violin na gaba, Kostake Enescu, malami ne, sannan manajan gidan mai gida. Akwai firistoci da yawa a cikin iyalinsa kuma shi da kansa ya yi karatu a makarantar hauza. Uwa, Maria Enescu, nee Kosmovich, kuma ya zo daga limaman coci. Iyayen sun kasance masu addini. Mahaifiyar mace ce mai ban sha'awa kuma ta kewaye ɗanta da yanayi na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayatarwa. Yaron ya girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse na gidan mahaifinsa.

A Romania, violin shine kayan aikin da mutane suka fi so. Mahaifinta ya mallake ta, duk da haka, akan ma'auni mai sauƙi, yana wasa a lokacin hutunsa daga ayyukan hukuma. Ƙananan George yana son sauraron mahaifinsa, amma ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gypsy da ya ji lokacin da yake da shekaru 3 ya fi burge shi da tunaninsa. Waƙar yaron ya tilasta wa iyayensa su kai shi Iasi zuwa Caudella, dalibi na Vieuxtan. Enescu ya bayyana wannan ziyarar cikin ban dariya.

“To baby, kina son wasa min wani abu?

"Ku fara wasa da kanku, don in ga ko za ku iya wasa!"

Uba ya yi gaggawar ba wa Caudella hakuri. Dan wasan violin ya ji haushi a fili.

"Wani yaro mara hankali!" Kash, na dage.

- Ah iya? To mu fita daga nan baba!”

Wani injiniya da ke zaune a unguwar ne ya koya wa yaron abubuwan da suka shafi kiɗan kiɗa, kuma lokacin da piano ya bayyana a gidan, Georges ya fara tsara guntu. Ya kasance mai sha'awar kunna violin da piano a lokaci guda, kuma lokacin da, yana da shekaru 7, an sake kawo shi Caudella, ya shawarci iyayensa su tafi Vienna. Iyawar yaron sun kasance a bayyane sosai.

Georges ya zo Vienna tare da mahaifiyarsa a 1889. A wannan lokacin, Vienna na kiɗa yana dauke da "Paris na biyu". Shahararren dan wasan violin Josef Helmesberger (babba) ya kasance shugaban gidan ra'ayin mazan jiya, Brahms har yanzu yana raye, wanda aka sadaukar da layukan dumi a gare shi a cikin Memoirs na Enescu; Hans Richter ne ya jagoranci wasan opera. An karɓi Enescu a cikin rukunin shirye-shirye na ɗakunan ajiya a cikin aji na violin. Josef Helmesberger (karamin) ya dauke shi. Shi ne jagoran opera na uku kuma ya jagoranci shahararren Helmesberger Quartet, ya maye gurbin mahaifinsa, Josef Helmesberger (babba). Enescu ya shafe shekaru 6 a cikin aji na Helmesberger kuma, bisa shawararsa, ya koma Paris a 1894. Vienna ya ba shi farkon ilimin ilimi. A nan ya yi nazarin harsuna, ya kasance mai sha'awar tarihin kiɗa da abun ciki ba kasa da violin ba.

Paris mai surutu, wanda ke cike da al'amuran rayuwa iri-iri, ya bugi matashin mawakin. Massenet, Saint-Saens, d'Andy, Faure, Debussy, Ravel, Paul Dukas, Roger-Ducs - waɗannan sune sunayen da babban birnin Faransa ya haskaka da su. An gabatar da Enescu ga Massenet, wanda ya ji tausayin gwaje-gwajen da ya yi. Mawaƙin Faransanci ya yi tasiri sosai akan Enescu. "A cikin hulɗa da gwanintar waƙar Massenet, waƙarsa kuma ta zama ƙarami." A cikin abun da ke ciki, babban malami Gedalge ya jagoranci shi, amma a lokaci guda ya halarci ajin Massenet, kuma bayan Massenet ya yi ritaya, Gabriel Fauré. Ya yi karatu tare da shahararrun mawaƙa kamar Florent Schmitt, Charles Kequelin, ya sadu da Roger Dukas, Maurice Ravel.

Bayyanar Enescu a ɗakin ajiyar bai tafi ba tare da annashuwa ba. Cortot ya ce tuni a taron farko, Enescu ya burge kowa da yadda ya yi daidai da kyakkyawan wasan Brahms Concerto akan violin da Beethoven's Aurora akan piano. Bambance-bambancen nasa na kidan ya bayyana nan da nan.

Enescu ya yi magana kaɗan game da darussan violin a ajin Marsik, ya yarda cewa ba a buga su sosai a cikin tunaninsa: “Ya koya mini yin wasan violin da kyau, ya taimaka mini in koyi salon wasan ’yan wasa, amma ban daɗe ba. kafin in samu kyautar farko." An ba da wannan lambar yabo ga Enescu a cikin 1899.

Paris ta "lura" Enescu mawaki. A cikin 1898, shahararren ɗan wasan Faransa Edouard Colonne ya haɗa da "Waƙar Romaniya" a cikin ɗayan shirye-shiryensa. Enescu yana da shekaru 17 kawai! ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan wasan pian na Romania Elena Babescu ne ya gabatar da shi ga Colonne, wanda ya taimaka wa matashin ɗan wasan violin ya sami karbuwa a Paris.

Ayyukan "Waƙar Romaniya" sun yi nasara sosai. Nasarar ta zaburar da Enescu, ya shiga cikin kerawa, yana tsara sassa da yawa a nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wakoki (waƙoƙi, sonata don piano da violin, string octet, da sauransu). Kash! Suna godiya sosai ga "Waƙar Romaniya", masu sukar Parisiya sun sadu da rubuce-rubucen da suka biyo baya tare da kamewa.

A cikin 1901-1902, ya rubuta "Rhapsodies Romanian" guda biyu - mafi mashahuri ayyukan al'adunsa. Matashin mawakin ya rinjayi yawancin al'amuran da suka kasance na zamani a wancan lokacin, wasu lokuta daban-daban kuma suna bambanta. Daga Vienna ya kawo ƙauna ga Wagner da girmamawa ga Brahms; a birnin Paris ya ji daɗin waƙoƙin Massenet, waɗanda suka yi daidai da sha'awar halittarsa; bai kasance ba ruwansa da dabarar fasaha ta Debussy, palette mai launi na Ravel: “Don haka, a cikin Piano Suite na Biyu, wanda aka haɗa a cikin 1903, akwai Pavane da Bourret, waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsohon salon Faransanci, suna tunawa da Debussy cikin launi. Amma game da Toccata da ke gabacin waɗannan guda biyu, jigon sa na biyu yana nuna ma'anar rhythmic motif na Toccata daga Kabarin Couperin.

A cikin "Memoirs" Enescu ya yarda cewa koyaushe yana jin kansa ba ɗan wasan violin ba ne a matsayin mawaki. "Volin kayan aiki ne mai ban mamaki, na yarda," in ji shi, "amma ta kasa gamsar da ni sosai." Ayyukan piano da mawaƙa sun ja hankalinsa fiye da violin. Gaskiyar cewa ya zama dan wasan violin ba ya faru da nasa zabi - yanayi ne, "harka da nufin uba." Har ila yau Enescu yana nuna talauci na wallafe-wallafen violin, inda, tare da ƙwararrun Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schumann, Frank, Fauré, akwai kuma "m" kiɗa na Rode, Viotti da Kreutzer: "Ba za ku iya son kiɗa da kiɗa ba. wannan kidan a lokaci guda."

Samun lambar yabo ta farko a 1899 ya sanya Enescu a cikin mafi kyawun violinists a Paris. Masu fasaha na Romania suna shirya wani kide-kide a ranar 24 ga Maris, tarin wanda aka yi niyya don siyan violin ga wani matashi mai zane. A sakamakon haka, Enescu yana karɓar babban kayan aikin Stradivarius.

A cikin 90s, abota ta tashi tare da Alfred Cortot da Jacques Thibaut. Tare da duka biyun, matashin ɗan Romania sau da yawa yana yin kide kide da wake-wake. A cikin shekaru 10 na gaba, wanda ya buɗe sabon, karni na XX, Enescu ya riga ya zama sanannen haske na Paris. Colonne ya keɓe masa wani shagali (1901); Enescu yayi tare da Saint-Saens da Casals kuma an zabe shi memba na Ƙungiyar Mawaƙa ta Faransa; a 1902 ya kafa uku tare da Alfred Casella (piano) da Louis Fournier (cello), kuma a cikin 1904 wani quartet tare da Fritz Schneider, Henri Casadesus da Louis Fournier. An gayyace shi akai-akai zuwa juri na Conservatory na Paris, yana gudanar da ayyukan kide-kide mai zurfi. Ba shi yiwuwa a lissafta duk abubuwan da suka faru na fasaha na wannan lokacin a cikin taƙaitaccen zane na tarihin rayuwa. Bari mu lura kawai wasan kwaikwayo na farko a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1907 na sabuwar Concerto na Bakwai na Mozart.

A 1907 ya tafi Scotland tare da kide-kide, da kuma a 1909 zuwa Rasha. Jim kaɗan kafin rangadinsa na Rasha, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu, wanda mutuwarsa ya ɗauki nauyi.

A Rasha, ya yi a matsayin violinist da madugu a cikin kide-kide na A. Siloti. Ya gabatar da jama'ar Rasha zuwa ga Mozart's Seventh Concerto, yana gudanar da Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 na J.-S. Bach. "Saurayin violin (dalibi na Marsik)," in ji manema labarai na Rasha, "ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai hazaka, mai mahimmanci kuma cikakke mai fasaha, wanda bai tsaya a kan kullun waje na kyawawan dabi'u ba, amma yana neman ruhun fasaha da fahimta. shi. Sautin kayan aikin nasa mai ban sha'awa, ƙauna, mai ban sha'awa ya yi daidai da yanayin kiɗan Mozart.

Enescu ya shafe shekaru masu zuwa kafin yakin yana yawo a Turai, amma galibi yana rayuwa ko dai a Paris ko kuma a Romania. Paris ya kasance gidansa na biyu. Anan aka zagaye shi da abokai. Daga cikin mawakan Faransanci, yana kusa da Thibault, Cortot, Casals, Ysaye. Irin halinsa na buɗe ido da kuma kidan duniya na gaske suna jan hankalin zukata zuwa gare shi.

Har ma akwai tatsuniyoyi game da alherinsa da yadda yake amsawa. A birnin Paris, wani dan wasan violin na tsaka-tsaki ya rinjayi Enescu ya raka shi wurin wani shagali domin jan hankalin masu sauraro. Enescu ya kasa kin amincewa kuma ya nemi Cortot ya juya masa bayanan kula. Washegari, ɗaya daga cikin jaridun Paris ya rubuta da wasiƙar Faransanci kawai: “An yi wani shagali mai ban sha’awa jiya. Wanda ya kamata ya buga violin, saboda wasu dalilai, ya buga piano; wanda ya kamata ya buga piano ya juya bayanin kula, kuma wanda ya kamata ya kunna bayanin kula ya buga violin…”

Ƙaunar Enescu ga ƙasarsa tana da ban mamaki. A 1913, ya ba da kuɗinsa don kafa lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai suna.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, ya ci gaba da ba da kide-kide a Faransa, Amurka, ya zauna na dogon lokaci a Romania, inda ya taka rawar gani wajen gudanar da kide-kide na sadaka don tallafa wa wadanda suka jikkata da kuma 'yan gudun hijira. A cikin 1914 ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na tara na Beethoven a Romania don goyon bayan waɗanda yaƙin ya rutsa da su. Yaƙi ya zama abin ban tsoro ga ra'ayinsa na ɗan adam, yana la'akari da shi a matsayin ƙalubale ga wayewa, a matsayin lalata tushen al'adu. Kamar yana nuna manyan nasarorin da aka samu na al'adun duniya, ya ba da zagayowar kide-kide na tarihi na 1915 a Bucharest a cikin lokacin 16/16. A 1917 ya koma Rasha don kide-kide, tarin daga abin da ke zuwa asusun Red Cross. A cikin dukkan ayyukansa, ana nuna yanayin kishin ƙasa. A cikin 1918 ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kade-kade a Iasi.

Yaƙin Duniya na farko da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya lalata Enescu. A cikin 20-30s, ya yi tafiya a duniya, yana samun abin rayuwa. "Fasahar ɗan wasan violin, wanda ya kai cikakkiyar balaga, yana jan hankalin masu sauraron Tsoho da Sabon Duniya tare da ruhinta, wanda ke bayansa wata dabara ce mara kyau, zurfin tunani da al'adun kiɗa. Manyan mawaƙa na yau suna yaba Enescu kuma suna farin cikin yin wasa tare da shi. ” George Balan ya lissafta fitattun wasan kwaikwayo na violinist: Mayu 30, 1927 - wasan kwaikwayon Ravel's Sonata tare da marubucin; Yuni 4, 1933 - tare da Carl Flesch da Jacques Thibault Concerto na violins uku na Vivaldi; aiki a cikin gungu tare da Alfred Cortot - aikin sonatas na J.-S. Bach don violin da clavier a watan Yuni 1936 a Strasbourg a bukukuwan da aka sadaukar don Bach; Haɗin gwiwa tare da Pablo Casals a cikin Brahms Concerto sau biyu a Bucharest a cikin Disamba 1937.

A cikin 30s, Enescu kuma yana da daraja a matsayin jagora. Shi ne ya maye gurbin A. Toscanini a shekara ta 1937 a matsayin jagoran kungiyar kade-kade ta Symphony na New York.

Enescu ba kawai mawaki-mawaki ba ne. Ya kasance mai zurfin tunani. Zurfin fahimtar fasaharsa ta kai ga gayyatarsa ​​don yin lacca kan fassarar ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani a Paris Conservatory da Jami'ar Harvard da ke New York. "Bayanan Enescu ba bayanin fasaha ba ne kawai," in ji Dani Brunschwig, "...amma ya rungumi manyan ra'ayoyin kide-kide kuma ya kai mu ga fahimtar manyan ra'ayoyin falsafa, zuwa kyakkyawar manufa ta kyau. Sau da yawa yana da wuya a gare mu mu bi Enescu tare da wannan hanya, game da abin da ya yi magana da kyau, daraja da daraja - bayan haka, mun kasance, ga mafi yawancin, kawai violinists kuma kawai violinists.

Yawo rayuwa yana ɗaukar nauyin Enescu, amma ba zai iya ƙin yarda da shi ba, saboda sau da yawa dole ne ya inganta abubuwan haɗin gwiwarsa da kuɗin kansa. Mafi kyawun halittarsa, opera Oedipus, wanda ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 25 na rayuwarsa, da ba zai ga haske ba idan marubucin bai saka jari 50 francs a cikin samarwa ba. An haifi ra'ayin opera a cikin 000, a ƙarƙashin ra'ayi na wasan kwaikwayo na sanannen bala'i Mune Sully a cikin rawar Oedipus Rex, amma opera da aka yi a Paris a Maris 1910, 10.

Amma ko da wannan babban aikin bai tabbatar da shaharar mawakin Enescu ba, duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin mawakan kidan sun yi wa Oedipus daraja sosai. Don haka, Honegger ya ɗauke shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka kirkira na kiɗan waƙa a kowane lokaci.

Enescu ya rubuta da zafi ga abokinsa da ke Romania a shekara ta 1938: “Duk da cewa ni ne marubucin ayyuka da yawa, kuma na ɗauki kaina a matsayin mawaƙi, jama’a da taurin kai sun ci gaba da ganina kawai na kirki. Amma hakan bai dame ni ba, domin na san rayuwa sosai. Ina ci gaba da taurin kai daga birni zuwa birni da buhu a bayana domin samun kudaden da za su tabbatar da 'yancina.

Rayuwa ta sirri na mai zane kuma ta kasance bakin ciki. Ƙaunar sa ga Gimbiya Maria Contacuzino an kwatanta shi da waka a cikin littafin George Balan. Sun ƙaunaci juna tun suna ƙarami, amma har zuwa 1937 Maria ta ƙi zama matarsa. Yanayin su ya bambanta sosai. Mariya ta kasance haziƙan macen al'umma, ƙwararriyar ilimi kuma ta asali. "Gidanta, inda suke yin kade-kade da yawa kuma suna karanta litattafai na wallafe-wallafe, yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi so na taron masu hankali na Bucharest." Ƙaunar ’yancin kai, tsoron cewa “ƙaunar mutum mai hazaƙa mai ɗaurewa, mai kau da kai” zai hana ta ’yancinta, ya sa ta yi hamayya da aure har tsawon shekaru 15. Ta yi gaskiya - aure bai kawo farin ciki ba. Sha'awarta na rayuwa mai kayatarwa, da ban sha'awa ta ci karo da mafi girman buƙatu da sha'awar Enescu. Ƙari ga haka, sun haɗa kai a lokacin da Maryamu ta yi rashin lafiya sosai. Shekaru da yawa, Enescu yana kula da matarsa ​​da ba ta da lafiya da son kai. Ta'aziyya ne kawai a cikin kiɗa, kuma a cikinta ya rufe kansa.

Haka yakin duniya na biyu ya same shi. Enescu yana Romania a lokacin. A duk tsawon shekaru na zalunci, yayin da yake dawwama, ya ci gaba da riƙe matsayin keɓe kai daga kewaye, mai tsananin gaba a cikin ainihinsa, gaskiyar fasikanci. Abokin Thibaut da Casals, ɗalibi na ruhaniya na al'adun Faransanci, ya kasance baƙon da ba a daidaita ba ga kishin ƙasa na Jamus, kuma babban ɗan'Adamtaka ya yi tsayayya da akidar dabbanci ta farkisanci. Babu inda ya nuna kiyayyarsa ga gwamnatin Nazi a bainar jama'a, amma bai taba yarda ya je Jamus da kide-kide ba kuma shirun da ya yi bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba kamar zazzafar zanga-zangar Bartok, wanda ya bayyana cewa ba zai bari a sanya sunansa ga kowa ba. titi a Budapest, yayin da a wannan birni akwai tituna da filaye masu dauke da sunan Hitler da Mussolini.

Lokacin da yakin ya fara, Enescu ya shirya Quartet, wanda C. Bobescu, A. Riadulescu, T. Lupu kuma ya shiga, kuma a cikin 1942 ya yi tare da wannan gungu na dukan zagaye na hudu na Beethoven. "A lokacin yakin, ya nuna rashin amincewa da muhimmancin aikin mawallafin, wanda ya rera 'yan uwantakar jama'a."

Kadancinsa na ɗabi'a ya ƙare tare da 'yantar da Romania daga mulkin kama-karya. Ya fito fili yana nuna tausayinsa ga Tarayyar Soviet. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1944, ya gudanar da wani kide-kide don girmama sojojin Soviet Army, a watan Disamba a Ateneum - Beethoven ta tara symphonies. A cikin 1945, Enescu ya kafa dangantakar abokantaka tare da mawakan Soviet - David Oistrakh, Vilhom Quartet, wanda ya zo Romania don yawon shakatawa. Tare da wannan tarin ban mamaki, Enescu ya yi Fauré Piano Quartet a cikin ƙananan C, Schumann Quintet da Chausson Sextet. Tare da William Quartet, ya buga kiɗa a gida. "Waɗannan lokatai ne masu daɗi," in ji ɗan wasan violin na farko na quartet, M. Simkin. "Mun yi wasa tare da Maestro the Piano Quartet da Brahms Quintet." Enescu ya gudanar da kide-kide inda Oborin da Oistrakh suka yi kade-kade na violin da na Piano na Tchaikovsky. A shekara ta 1945, duk masu wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet da suka isa Romania sun ziyarci mawaƙa mai daraja - Daniil Shafran, Yuri Bryushkov, Marina Kozolupova. Nazarin wasan kwaikwayo, kide-kide na mawakan Soviet, Enescu ya gano sabuwar duniya ga kansa.

Ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1945, ya gudanar da Symphony na bakwai na Shostakovich a Bucharest. A 1946, ya tafi zuwa Moscow, yin wasa a matsayin violinist, madugu da pianist. Ya gudanar da Symphony na biyar na Beethoven, na huɗu na Tchaikovsky; tare da David Oistrakh ya buga wasan kwaikwayon Bach's Concerto don Violins guda biyu kuma ya yi wasan piano tare da shi a Grieg's Sonata a cikin C Minor. “Masu sauraro da ƙwazo ba su bar su daga fage na dogon lokaci ba. Daga nan Enescu ya tambayi Oistrakh: “Me za mu yi wasa don ƙarawa?” "Bangaren Mozart sonata," in ji Oistrakh. "Ba wanda ya yi tunanin cewa mun yi shi tare a karon farko a rayuwarmu, ba tare da wani maimaitawa ba!"

A watan Mayun 1946, a karon farko bayan dogon rabuwa da yaƙi ya haifar, ya gana da wanda ya fi so, Yehudi Menuhin, wanda ya isa Bucharest. Suna yin tare a cikin zagayowar ɗaki da kide-kide na kade-kade, kuma Enescu da alama ya cika da sabbin dakarun da aka rasa a lokacin wahala na yaƙi.

Daraja, mafi zurfin sha'awar 'yan ƙasa sun kewaye Enescu. Amma duk da haka, a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 1946, yana da shekaru 65, ya sake barin Romania don yin sauran ƙarfinsa a yawo mara iyaka a duniya. Yawon shakatawa na tsohon maestro yana da nasara. A Bach Festival a Strasbourg a 1947, ya yi tare da Menuhin a biyu Bach Concerto, gudanar da makada a New York, London, Paris. Duk da haka, a lokacin rani na 1950, ya ji alamun farko na cututtukan zuciya mai tsanani. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya kasa yin aiki. Yana tsarawa sosai, amma, kamar kullum, abubuwan da ya yi ba sa samun kudin shiga. Lokacin da aka ba shi damar komawa ƙasarsa, ya yi shakka. Rayuwa a ƙasashen waje ba ta ƙyale fahimtar sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a Romania ba. Hakan ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshe Enescu ya kwanta rashin lafiya.

Mawallafin da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya sami wasiƙa a watan Nuwamba 1953 daga Petru Groza, shugaban gwamnatin Romania a lokacin, yana ƙarfafa shi ya dawo: “Zuciyarka da farko tana bukatar jin daɗin da mutane suke jiranka, mutanen Romania, waɗanda ka yi wa hidima. tare da irin wannan sadaukarwa ga tsawon rayuwar ku, ɗauke da ɗaukakar basirarsa ta kere kere fiye da iyakokin ƙasarku. Mutane suna godiya kuma suna son ku. Yana fatan za ku koma gare shi sannan zai iya haskaka ku da wannan haske mai daɗi na ƙauna na duniya, wanda shi kaɗai zai iya kawo salama ga manyan ’ya’yansa. Babu wani abu da ya yi daidai da irin wannan apotheosis.

Kash! Enescu bai kaddara dawowa ba. Ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1954, an fara shanyayye na hagu rabin jiki. Yehudi Menuhin ya same shi a cikin wannan hali. “Tunanin wannan taron ba zai taba barina ba. Lokaci na ƙarshe da na ga maestro shine a ƙarshen 1954 a cikin gidansa da ke Rue Clichy a Paris. Ya kwanta a raunane, amma ya natsu. Kallo d'aya ya ce hankalinsa ya cigaba da rayuwa da k'arfinsa da kuzarinsa. Na kalli hannayensa masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suka haifar da kyau sosai, kuma yanzu ba su da ƙarfi, kuma na firgita…” Da yake bankwana da Menuhin, yayin da mutum ke bankwana da rayuwa, Enescu ya miƙa masa violin na Santa Seraphim kuma ya tambaye shi ya ɗauki duka. violin nasa don kiyayewa.

Enescu ya mutu a daren 3/4 ga Mayu 1955. "Bisa imanin Enescu cewa "matasa ba alamar shekaru ba ne, amma yanayin tunani," sai Enescu ya mutu yana matashi. Ko da yana da shekaru 74, ya kasance mai gaskiya ga babban ɗabi'a da fasaha na fasaha, godiya ga abin da ya kiyaye ruhunsa na ƙuruciya. Shekaru sun fusata fuskarsa da wrinkles, amma ransa, mai cike da neman kyakkyawa na har abada, bai kai ga ƙarfin lokaci ba. Mutuwarsa ba ta zo a matsayin ƙarshen faɗuwar rana ba, amma kamar walƙiya da ta faɗi itacen oak mai girman kai. Haka George Enescu ya bar mu. An binne gawarsa ta duniya a makabartar Père Lachaise…”

L. Rabin