Jerin Eugene |

Eugene List

Lamarin da ya sanya sunan Eugene List ga dukan duniya ya shafi kiɗa ne kawai a kaikaice: wannan shi ne taron Potsdam mai tarihi, wanda ya faru nan da nan bayan ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin rani na 1945. Shugaban Amurka G. Truman ya bukaci umurnin da ya zabo masu fasaha da dama daga cikin sojojin kuma ya aika da su a wurinsa domin su shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gala. Daga cikin su akwai soja Eugene List. Sannan ya yi kananan wasanni da dama, ciki har da bukatar shugaban kasa. Waltz (Op. 42) na Chopin; tun da matashin mai zane ba shi da lokacin koyo ta zuciya, ya yi wasa bisa ga bayanin da shugaban da kansa ya juya. Washegari sunan sojan piano ya bayyana a jaridun kasashe da dama, ciki har da kasarsa. Duk da haka, a nan an san wannan sunan ga yawancin masoya kiɗa a da.

Wani ɗan ƙasar Philadelphia, Eugene Liszt ya karɓi darussa na farko, kamar yadda sau da yawa yakan faru, daga mahaifiyarsa, mai son pianist, kuma tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, bayan ya koma California, ya fara karatun kiɗa sosai a ɗakin studio na Y. Satro- Jirgin ruwa. Ya zuwa shekaru 12, wasan farko na yaron tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ya dawo baya - ya buga wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven na Uku a ƙarƙashin sandar Arthur Rodzinsky. Bisa shawarar na ƙarshe, iyayen Eugene sun kai shi New York a 1931 don ƙoƙarin shigar da shi a Makarantar Juilliard. A kan hanyar, mun tsaya a ɗan gajeren lokaci a Philadelphia kuma muka gano cewa a can ne za a fara gasar gasa na matasan pian, wanda wanda ya ci nasara zai sami 'yancin yin karatu tare da shahararren malami O. Samarova. Yuzhin ya taka leda, bayan haka ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa New York. Kuma a can ne kawai ya sami sanarwar cewa ya zama mai nasara. Shekaru da yawa ya yi karatu tare da Samarova, na farko a Philadelphia sannan a New York, inda ya koma tare da malaminsa. Waɗannan shekarun sun ba yaron abubuwa da yawa, ya sami ci gaba sosai, kuma a shekara ta 1934 wani haɗari mai farin ciki ya jira shi. A matsayin dalibi mafi kyau, ya sami 'yancin yin wasa tare da kungiyar Orchestra na Philadelphia, wanda L. Stokowski ya jagoranci. Da farko shirin ya hada da kide kide na Schumann, amma jim kadan kafin wannan rana, Stokowski ya samu daga Tarayyar Soviet da takardar music na Young Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto kuma ya yi marmarin gabatar da masu sauraro. Ya tambayi Liszt ya koyi wannan aikin, kuma ya kasance a saman: farkon ya kasance nasara mai nasara. Wasanni a wasu biranen kasar sun biyo baya, a watan Disamba na shekarar 1935, Eugene List ya fara halarta a karon tare da wani wasan kwaikwayo na Shostakovich a New York; wannan lokacin da Otto Klemperer ya gudanar. Bayan haka, mai ban sha'awa Arthur Jowson ya kula da aikin fasaha na gaba, kuma nan da nan ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin kasar.

A lokacin da ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Juilliard, Eugene List ya riga ya sami kyakkyawan suna a tsakanin masoya kiɗa na Amurka. Amma a shekara ta 1942 ya yi aikin soja na sa kai, kuma bayan 'yan watanni na horo ya zama soja. Gaskiya ne, sai aka sanya shi cikin “ƙungiyar nishaɗi” kuma ya yi tafiya daga naúrar zuwa naúra, yana kunna piano da aka sanya a bayan babbar mota. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin, har zuwa abubuwan da aka riga aka kwatanta na lokacin rani na 1945. Jim kaɗan bayan haka, an cire List. Da alama an buɗaɗɗen bege masu haske a gabansa, musamman tunda tallan nasa yana da kyau - har ma da ƙa'idodin Amurka. Bayan ya koma ƙasarsa, an gayyace shi ya yi wasa a Fadar White House, bayan haka mujallar Time ta kira shi “mai son piano na kotun da ba na shugaban kasa ba.”

Gabaɗaya, komai ya tafi daidai. A 1946, Liszt, tare da matarsa, violinist Carol Glen, yi a farkon Prague Spring Festival, ya ba da da yawa kide da kuma yin fim. Amma a hankali ya bayyana a fili cewa begen da masana da masu sha'awar su suka yi masa bai dace ba. Ci gaban basira ya ragu a fili; mai wasan piano ba shi da ɗan adam mai haske, wasansa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, kuma akwai ƙarancin sikeli. Kuma a hankali, wasu, masu fasaha masu haske sun ɗan tura Liszt zuwa bango. An tura baya - amma ba gaba daya an rufe shi ba. Ya ci gaba da ba da kide-kide na rayayye, ya sami nasa, a baya "budurwa" yadudduka na kiɗan piano, a cikin abin da ya gudanar ya nuna mafi kyawun fasalin fasaharsa - kyawun sauti, 'yancin yin wasa da haɓakawa, fasaha da ba za a iya musantawa ba. Don haka Liszt bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba, kodayake gaskiyar cewa hanyarsa ba ta cika da wardi ba kuma tana tabbatar da irin wannan gaskiyar: kawai bikin cika shekaru 25 na ayyukan kide kide da wake-wake, mai zane ya fara samun damar zuwa mataki a Hall Hall Carnegie. .

Mawaƙin Amurka a kai a kai ya yi a waje da ƙasar, ya shahara a Turai, gami da Tarayyar Soviet. Tun 1962, ya akai-akai zama memba na juri na Tchaikovsky gasa, yi a Moscow, Leningrad da sauran biranen, rubuce a kan records. Rikodi na biyu concertos D. Shostakovich, wanda ya yi a 1974 a Moscow, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma nasarorin da artist. A lokaci guda, raunin Eugene List bai tsira daga zargi na Soviet ba. A baya a cikin 1964, a lokacin yawon shakatawa na farko, M. Smirnov ya lura da "stereotyped, inertia na tunanin kiɗan mai fasaha. Shirye-shiryen aikin sa suna cikin daɗaɗɗen sanannun kuma, da rashin alheri, ba ra'ayoyi mafi ban sha'awa ba ne. "

Repertoire na Liszt ya bambanta sosai. Tare da na gargajiya ayyukan "misali" sa na romantic wallafe-wallafen - concertos, sonatas da plays da Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann, Chopin - wani gagarumin wuri a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka shagaltar da Rasha music, kuma sama da dukan Tchaikovsky, kuma daga Soviet marubuta. - Shostakovich. Liszt ya yi abubuwa da yawa don jawo hankalin masu sauraro zuwa ga misalan farko na kiɗan piano na Amurka - ayyukan wanda ya kafa Alexander Reingal kuma musamman ma ɗan Amurka na farko na soyayya Louis Moreau Gottschalk, wanda waƙarsa ya buga tare da dabarar salo da zamani. Ya yi rikodin kuma sau da yawa yakan yi duk ayyukan piano na Gershwin da Concerto na biyu na McDowell, ya sami damar sabunta shirye-shiryensa tare da wasu nau'ikan mawallafa na d ¯ a kamar guntun K. Graun's Gigue ko L. Dakan, kuma tare da wannan shine farkon mai yin wasan kwaikwayo da dama. ayyukan marubuta na zamani. : Concert na C. Chavez, abubuwan da E. Vila Lobos suka tsara, A. Fuleihan, A. Barro, E. Laderman. A ƙarshe, tare da matarsa ​​Y. Liszt sun yi ayyuka masu mahimmanci na violin da piano, ciki har da Sonata wanda Franz Liszt ba a san shi ba a kan Jigo na Chopin.

Irin wannan hazaka ne, haɗe da ƙwazo, ya taimaka wa mai zane ya tsaya a saman rayuwar wasan kwaikwayo, don ɗaukar kansa, ko da yake yana da ladabi, amma sananne a cikin al'ada. Wurin da Mujallar Rukh Muzychny ta Poland ta bayyana a ’yan shekarun da suka gabata kamar haka: “Mai ƙwaƙƙwaran ɗan wasan pian na Amirka Eugene List ƙwararren mai zane ne mai ban sha’awa sosai. Wasansa ba daidai ba ne, yanayinsa yana canzawa; shi dan asali ne (musamman ga zamaninmu), ya san yadda ake fara'a mai sauraro da fasaha mai ban mamaki da ɗan tsohuwar fara'a, zai iya a lokaci guda, ba tare da wani dalili ba, ya buga wani abu mai ban mamaki gaba ɗaya, rikitar da wani abu, mantawa. wani abu, ko kuma kawai ya bayyana, cewa ba shi da lokacin shirya aikin da aka yi alkawari a cikin shirin kuma zai yi wani abu dabam. Koyaya, wannan kuma yana da nasa fara'a…”. Saboda haka, tarurruka tare da fasahar Eugene List koyaushe suna kawo bayanan fasaha masu ban sha'awa ga masu sauraro a cikin tsari mai inganci. Aikin koyarwa na Liszt ya kasance mai ban mamaki: a cikin 1964-1975 ya koyar a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Eastman, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a Jami'ar New York.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.