Bass biyu: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, tarihi, sauti, amfani

Bass biyu kayan kida ne na dangin kirtani, bakuna, an bambanta shi da ƙananan sauti da girmansa. Yana da damar yin kida mai ɗorewa: dace da wasan kwaikwayo na solo, yana da wani muhimmin wuri a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar waka.

Na'urar bass biyu

Girman bass biyu ya kai mita 2 a tsayi, kayan aikin ya ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:

• Frame Itace, wanda ya ƙunshi 2 bene, an ɗaure a tarnaƙi tare da harsashi, matsakaicin tsayin santimita 110-120. Siffar ma'auni na shari'ar ita ce ovals 2 (na sama, ƙananan), a tsakanin su akwai wuri mai kunkuntar da ake kira kugu, a saman akwai ramukan resonator guda biyu a cikin nau'i na curls. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan suna yiwuwa: jiki mai siffar pear, guitars da sauransu.
• wuya. Haɗe da jiki, ana shimfiɗa igiyoyi tare da shi.
• mariƙin igiya. Yana can kasan harka.
• Tsayawar igiya. Yana tsakanin wutsiya da wuyansa, kusan a tsakiyar jiki.
• igiyoyi. Samfuran ƙungiyar kade-kade suna sanye da igiyoyi masu kauri 4 waɗanda aka yi da ƙarfe ko kayan roba tare da iskar jan ƙarfe na wajibi. Da wuya akwai samfura masu kirtani 3 ko 5.
• ungulu. Ƙarshen wuyansa an yi masa kambi tare da kai tare da turakun daidaitawa.
• Zuciya An tsara shi don samfurori masu girma: yana ba ku damar daidaita tsayi, daidaita zane don haɓakar mawaƙa.
• Ruku'u Mahimman ƙari ga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan. Saboda nauyi, igiyoyi masu kauri, yin wasa da yatsunsu yana yiwuwa, amma da wuya. Bassists biyu na zamani na iya zaɓar daga nau'ikan bakuna 2: Faransanci, Jamusanci. Na farko yana da tsayi mafi girma, ya zarce abokin adawar a maneuverability, haske. Na biyu ya fi nauyi, gajere, amma sauƙin sarrafawa.

Sifa mai mahimmanci shine murfin ko akwati: jigilar samfurin da zai iya yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 10 yana da matsala, murfin yana taimakawa wajen hana lalacewa ga lamarin.

Menene sautin bass biyu?

Kewayon bass biyu yana kusan octaves 4. A aikace, ƙimar ta fi ƙasa da ƙasa: manyan sautuna suna samuwa kawai ga masu yin virtuoso.

Kayan aiki yana samar da ƙananan, amma mai dadi ga sautin kunne, wanda ke da kyau, musamman timbre mai launi. Sautunan bass masu kauri, velvety biyu suna tafiya da kyau tare da bassoon, tuba, da sauran ƙungiyoyin kayan kida.

Tsarin bass biyu na iya zama kamar haka:

• Orchestral - ana kunna kirtani a cikin hudu;
• solo - kunna kirtani yana ƙara sautin girma.

Nau'in bass biyu

Kayan aiki sun bambanta da girma. Gabaɗaya samfuran suna sauti da ƙarfi, ƙananan ƙananan suna da rauni, in ba haka ba halayen samfuran suna kama da juna. Har zuwa 90s na karnin da ya gabata, bass biyu na rage girman girman ba a yi su ba. A yau zaku iya siyan samfurori a cikin masu girma dabam daga 1/16 zuwa 3/4.

An tsara ƙananan ƙira don ɗalibai, ɗaliban makarantun kiɗa, don mawaƙa da ke wasa a wajen ƙungiyar makaɗa. Zaɓin samfurin ya dogara da tsawo da girman mutum: a kan tsari mai ban sha'awa, kawai mawaƙa na babban gini kawai zai iya kunna kiɗan.

Kayan aikin da aka rage sun yi kama da cikakkun 'yan'uwan makada, suna bambanta kawai a launin timbre da sauti.

Tarihin bass sau biyu

Tarihi ya kira bass viola biyu, wanda ya bazu ko'ina cikin Turai a lokacin Renaissance, wanda ya riga ya kasance bass biyu. An dauki wannan kayan aikin kirtani guda biyar a matsayin tushen tushen asalin Italiyanci Michele Todini: ya cire ƙananan kirtani (mafi ƙanƙanta) da frets a kan allon yatsa, ya bar jikin bai canza ba. Sabon sabon abu ya yi sauti daban-daban, bayan samun suna mai zaman kansa - bass biyu. Shekarar halitta ta hukuma ita ce 1566 - farkon rubutaccen ambaton kayan aikin ya koma zuwa gare ta.

Ci gaba da haɓaka kayan aiki ba tare da masu yin Amati violin ba, waɗanda suka gwada siffar jiki da girman tsarin. A Jamus, akwai ƙananan ƙananan, "bassan giya" - suna wasa da su a lokacin hutu na karkara, a cikin sanduna.

XVIII karni: bass biyu a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa ya zama ɗan takara akai-akai. Wani abin da ya faru na wannan lokacin shine bayyanar mawaƙa suna wasa sassan solo akan bass biyu (Dragonetti, Bottesini).

A cikin karni na XNUMX, an yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar ƙirar da ke haifar da mafi ƙarancin sautunan da za a iya yi. Bafaranshen Zh-B ne ya kera motar octobas mai tsawon mita hudu. Vuillaume. Saboda nauyi mai ban sha'awa, girma mai girma, ba a yi amfani da sabon abu sosai ba.

A farkon karni na ashirin, repertoire, yiwuwar kayan aiki ya fadada. An fara amfani da shi ta hanyar masu yin jazz, rock da roll, da sauran salon kiɗa na zamani. Ya kamata a lura da bayyanar a cikin 20s na karni na karshe na bass na lantarki: mai sauƙi, mai sarrafawa, mafi dadi.

Dabarun wasa

Dangane da nau'ikan kayan kida masu kirtani, bass biyu yana nuna hanyoyin da za a iya cire sautuna guda 2:

• baka;
• yatsunsu.

Yayin Wasa, mai yin solo yana tsaye, memban ƙungiyar makaɗa yana zaune kusa da shi akan stool. Dabarun da ake da su ga mawaƙa sun yi daidai da waɗanda masu violin ke amfani da su. Siffofin ƙira, nauyin nauyin baka mai tsanani da kayan aiki da kansa yana da wuya a yi wasa da sassa da ma'auni. Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce ake kira pizzicato.

Abubuwan taɓawa na kiɗan:

• daki-daki - fitar da bayanai masu yawa a jere ta hanyar motsa baka, ta hanyar canza alkibla;
• staccato - motsi mai motsi na baka sama da ƙasa;
• tremolo - maimaita maimaitawar sauti ɗaya;
• legato – sauyi mai santsi daga sauti zuwa sauti.

Amfani

Da farko dai, wannan kayan aiki na ƙungiyar makaɗa ne. Matsayinsa shine haɓaka layin bass waɗanda cellos suka kirkira, don ƙirƙirar tushen rhythmic don wasa da sauran kirtani "abokan aiki".

A yau, ƙungiyar makaɗa na iya samun har zuwa 8 bass biyu (don kwatanta, sun kasance sun gamsu da ɗaya).

Asalin sababbin nau'o'in kiɗa ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da kayan aiki a jazz, ƙasa, blues, bluegrass, rock. A yau ana iya kiransa ba makawa: ana amfani da shi sosai ta hanyar pop masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙa na marasa daidaituwa, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kida (daga soja har zuwa ɗaki).