Arthur Nikisch |

Arthur Nikisch

A 1866-1873 ya yi karatu a Conservatory a Vienna, azuzuwan J. Hellmesberger Sr. (violin) da FO Dessof (composition). A cikin 1874-77 violinist na kotun mawaƙa na Vienna; ya shiga cikin wasanni da kide-kide a karkashin jagorancin I. Brahms, F. Liszt, J. Verdi, R. Wagner. Tun 1878 shi ne shugaba na biyu kuma mawaƙa, a 1882-89 shi ne babban madugun opera gidan a Leipzig.

Ya jagoranci manyan makada a duniya - Boston Symphony (1889-1893), Leipzig Gewandhaus (1895-1922; ya mayar da ita daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makada) kuma a lokaci guda Berlin Philharmonic, wanda ya zagaya da yawa. , ciki har da akai-akai a St. Petersburg da Moscow (a karo na farko a 1899). Ya kasance darekta kuma babban jagoran gidan wasan opera a Budapest (1893-95). Ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra Philharmonic Hamburg (1897). A cikin 1902-07 ya kasance shugaban sashen koyarwa da kuma ajin gudanarwa na Leipzig Conservatory. Daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai KS Saradzhev da AB Hessin, waɗanda daga baya suka zama sanannun shugabannin Soviet. A cikin 1905-06 ya kasance darektan gidan wasan opera a Leipzig. Ya zagaya da makada da dama, ciki har da London Symphony (1912) a Yammacin Turai, a Arewa. da Yuzh. Amurka.

Nikish yana daya daga cikin manyan masu jagoranci na ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20th, mai zane mai zurfi kuma mai ban sha'awa, shahararren wakilin salon soyayya a cikin zane-zane. An kame a waje, tare da kwantar da motsin robobi, Nikish yana da ɗabi'a mai kyau, ƙwarewa ta musamman don jan hankalin ƙungiyar makaɗa da masu sauraro. Ya sami inuwar sauti na musamman - daga mafi kyawun pianissimo zuwa babban ƙarfin fortissimo. Ayyukansa sun kasance suna da babban 'yanci (tempo rubato) kuma a lokaci guda mai tsanani, ladabi na salon, ƙaddamar da cikakkun bayanai. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin malaman farko da suka fara gudanarwa daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin PI Tchaikovsky (musamman kusa da shi) ba kawai a Yammacin Turai da Amurka ba, har ma a Rasha.

Daga cikin sauran ayyukan da Nikish ya yi akwai ayyukan A. Bruckner, G. Mahler, M. Reger, R. Strauss; ya yi ayyukan R. Schumann, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, I. Brahms, da L. Beethoven, wanda waƙar da ya fassara a cikin salon soyayya (an adana rikodin sauti na 5th).

Mawallafin cantata, ayyukan ƙungiyar makaɗa, string quartet, sonata don violin da piano.

Dan Nikish Mitya Nikish (1899-1936) - pianist, ya zagaya biranen Kudancin Amurka (1921) da New York (1923).

G. Ya. Yudin