Angelica Catalani (Angelica Catalani) |

Angelica Catalan

Catalan gaske babban lamari ne mai ban mamaki a duniyar fasahar murya. Paolo Scyudo ya kira mawaƙin coloratura "abin al'ajabi na yanayi" don ƙwarewar fasaha na musamman. An haifi Angelica Catalani a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1780 a garin Gubbio na Italiya, a yankin Umbria. Mahaifinta Antonio Catalani, ɗan kasuwa ne, an san shi duka a matsayin alkali na yanki kuma a matsayin bass na farko na ɗakin sujada na Senigallo Cathedral.

Tuni a farkon ƙuruciya, Angelica yana da kyakkyawar murya. Mahaifinta ya damka karatunta ga shugaba Pietro Morandi. Sa'an nan, yana ƙoƙari ya rage matsalolin iyali, ya sanya wata yarinya mai shekaru goma sha biyu zuwa gidan sufi na Santa Lucia. Shekaru biyu, ’yan Ikklesiya da yawa sun zo nan don kawai su ji waƙarta.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta dawo gida, yarinyar ta tafi Florence don yin karatu tare da sanannen sopranist Luigi Marchesi. Marchesi, mai bin salon salon murya mai ban sha'awa, ya ga ya zama dole ya raba wa ɗalibinsa musamman fasaharsa mai ban mamaki wajen rera nau'ikan kayan ado iri-iri, ƙwarewar fasaha. Angelica ta zama ƙwararriyar ɗalibi, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka haifi mawaƙa mai hazaka da virtuoso.

A cikin 1797, Catalani ya fara halarta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Venetian "La Fenice" a cikin opera S. Mayr "Lodoiska". Maziyartan gidan wasan kwaikwayo nan da nan suka lura da babbar murya, muryar sabon mai zane. Kuma da aka ba da kyan gani da fara'a na Angelica, nasararta ta fahimta. A shekara ta gaba ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a Livorno, bayan shekara guda ta yi waka a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pergola a Florence, kuma ta shafe shekara ta ƙarshe na karni a Trieste.

Sabuwar karni ya fara nasara sosai - a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1801, Catalani ya rera waka a karo na farko a kan mataki na sanannen La Scala. "A duk inda matashiyar mawaƙa ta bayyana, a ko'ina masu sauraro sun ba da kyauta ga fasaharta," in ji VV Timokhin. – Gaskiya ne, waƙar mai zane ba ta da zurfin jin daɗi, ba ta fice ga gaggawar ɗabi'arta ba, amma a cikin raye-raye, haɓakawa, waƙar bravura da ta san ba daidai ba. Kyawawan kyawun muryar Catalani, wanda a da ya taɓa zukatan ƴan Ikklisiya na yau da kullun, a yanzu, haɗe da fasaha mai ban mamaki, masu jin daɗin waƙar opera.

A 1804, mawaƙin ya tafi Lisbon. A babban birnin Portugal, ta zama mawaƙin soloist na gidan wasan opera na Italiya. Catalani da sauri ya zama abin so tare da masu sauraron gida.

A cikin 1806, Angelica ya shiga kwangila mai mahimmanci tare da Opera na London. A kan hanyar zuwa "Albion mai duhu" ta ba da kide-kide da yawa a Madrid, sannan ta raira waƙa a Paris har tsawon watanni.

A cikin zauren "National Academy of Music" daga Yuni zuwa Satumba, Catalani ya nuna fasaharta a cikin shirye-shiryen kide-kide guda uku, kuma kowane lokaci akwai cikakken gida. An ce kawai bayyanar babban Paganini zai iya haifar da irin wannan tasiri. Masu suka sun ji daɗin faffadan kewayon, da ban mamaki na muryar mawakin.

Har ila yau, fasahar Catalani ta ci Napoleon. An gayyaci 'yar wasan Italiya zuwa Tuileries, inda ta tattauna da sarki. "Ina zakaje?" kwamandan ya tambayi mai magana da shi. "Zuwa London, ya shugabana," in ji Catalani. "Ya fi kyau ku zauna a Paris, a nan za a biya ku da kyau kuma za a yaba da basirar ku da gaske. Za ku karɓi francs dubu ɗari a shekara da izinin wata biyu. An yanke shawara; sannu madam."

Koyaya, Catalani ya kasance da aminci ga yarjejeniyar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na London. Ta gudu daga Faransa a kan wani jirgin ruwa da aka tsara don jigilar fursunoni. A cikin Disamba 1806, Catalani ya rera waƙa a karon farko ga mutanen London a cikin wasan opera na Portuguese Semiramide.

Bayan rufe wasannin wasan kwaikwayo a babban birnin Ingila, mawaƙin, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya gudanar da rangadin wasan kwaikwayo a lardunan Ingila. Shaidun gani da ido sun yi nuni da cewa, "Sunanta, wanda aka bayyana a fosta, ya ja hankalin jama'a zuwa kananan biranen kasar."

Bayan faduwar Napoleon a shekara ta 1814, Catalan ya koma Faransa, sannan ya yi balaguro mai girma da nasara a kasashen Jamus, Denmark, Sweden, Belgium da Holland.

Shahararrun masu sauraron su ne irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar "Semiramide" na Portugal, bambancin Rode, arias daga wasan kwaikwayo na operas "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" na Giovanni Paisiello, "Sultans Uku" na Vincenzo Puccita (mataimaki na Catalani). Masu sauraron Turai sun yarda da ayyukanta a cikin ayyukan Cimarosa, Nicolini, Picchini da Rossini.

Bayan ya koma Paris, Catalani ya zama darektan Opera na Italiya. Duk da haka, mijinta, Paul Valabregue, a zahiri ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya yi ƙoƙari tun farko don tabbatar da ribar kasuwancin. Don haka rage farashin shirya wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma matsakaicin raguwar farashi don irin waɗannan halayen "kananan" na wasan opera, kamar ƙungiyar mawaƙa da makaɗa.

A watan Mayu 1816, Catalani ya koma mataki. Ayyukanta a Munich, Venice da Naples sun biyo baya. Sai kawai a watan Agusta 1817, bayan ya koma Paris, ta na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya zama shugaban Italian Opera. Amma ƙasa da shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin Afrilu 1818, Catalani a ƙarshe ya bar mukaminsa. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ta ci gaba da yawon shakatawa a Turai. A wannan lokacin, Catalani da wuya ta ɗauki babban bayanin kula sau ɗaya, amma tsohuwar sassauci da ƙarfin muryarta har yanzu suna jan hankalin masu sauraro.

A 1823 Catalani ya ziyarci babban birnin kasar Rasha a karon farko. A St. Petersburg, an yi mata kyakkyawar tarba. Ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1825, Catalani ya shiga cikin bude ginin zamani na Bolshoi Theatre a Moscow. Ta yi wani ɓangare na Erato a cikin gabatarwa na "bikin Muses", waƙar da mawallafin Rasha AN Verstovsky da AA Alyabiev suka rubuta.

A cikin 1826, Catalani ya zagaya Italiya, yana yin wasanni a Genoa, Naples da Rome. A 1827 ta ziyarci Jamus. Kuma kakar wasa ta gaba, a cikin shekara ta talatin da shekaru na ayyukan fasaha, Catalani ya yanke shawarar barin mataki. Wasan karshe na singer ya faru a cikin 1828 a Dublin.

Daga baya, a cikin gidanta a Florence, mai zane ya koyar da waƙa ga 'yan mata matasa waɗanda suke shirin yin wasan kwaikwayo. Ta yi waƙa a yanzu don abokai da abokai kawai. Ba za su iya taimakawa ba sai yabo, kuma ko da a cikin shekaru masu daraja, mawakiyar ba ta rasa yawancin kadarorin muryarta ba. Da yake gudun kamuwa da cutar kwalara da ta barke a Italiya, Catalani ya garzaya wurin yaran a birnin Paris. Duk da haka, abin mamaki, ta mutu daga wannan cuta a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1849.

VV Timokhin ya rubuta:

"Angelica Catalani gaskiya na cikin waɗancan manyan masu fasaha waɗanda suka kasance abin alfaharin makarantar muryar Italiya a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata. Hazaka mafi ƙanƙanta, kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ikon iya ƙware da sauri cikin ƙa'idodin ƙwararrun mawaƙa sun ƙaddara babban nasarar da mawakin ya samu akan matakan wasan opera da kuma a dakunan kide-kide a mafi yawan ƙasashen Turai.

Kyakkyawan dabi'a, ƙarfi, haske, motsin murya na ban mamaki, wanda kewayon wanda ya kai har zuwa "gishiri" na octave na uku, ya ba da dalilai don yin magana game da mawaƙa a matsayin mai mallakar ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan murya. Catalani ta kasance mai halin kirki da ba ta da kyau kuma wannan gefen fasaharta ne ya sami shahara a duniya. Ta ƙawata kowane nau'in kayan ado na murya tare da karimcin da ba a saba gani ba. Da kyar ta gudanar, kamar saurayinta na zamani, shahararriyar mawaƙa Rubini da sauran fitattun mawakan Italiya na wancan lokacin, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin ƙarfin ƙarfi da sautin murya mai daɗi. Musamman masu sauraro sun ji daɗin 'yanci na ban mamaki, tsabta da saurin da mai zanen ya rera ma'auni na chromatic, sama da ƙasa, yana yin trill a kowane semitone.