Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |

Tito Schipa

Sunan mawaƙin Italiyanci Skipa ana kiransa koyaushe a cikin sunayen mashahuran mashahuran masu haya na rabin farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. VV Timokhin ya rubuta: “… Skipa ya shahara musamman a matsayin marubuci. Kalmominsa sun bambanta da wadataccen nau'i na bayyananniyar nuances, ya yi nasara da taushi da laushin sauti, ƙarancin filastik da kyawun cantilena.

An haifi Tito Skipa a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1889 a kudancin Italiya, a birnin Lecce. Yaron ya kasance yana sha'awar waka tun yana yaro. Tun yana dan shekara bakwai, Tito ya rera waka a cikin mawakan coci.

I. Ryabova ya rubuta: “Ƙungiyoyin opera sukan zo Lecce, suna ɗaukar yara ƙanana don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ɗan lokaci na wasan kwaikwayo,” in ji I. Ryabova. – Little Tito ya kasance mai taka rawar gani a duk wasannin kwaikwayo. Da zarar bishop ya ji yaron yana waƙa, kuma a gayyatarsa, Skipa ya fara halartar makarantar hauza ta tiyoloji, inda ayyukan da ya fi so su ne darussan kiɗa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. A makarantar hauza, Tito Skipa ya fara nazarin waƙa tare da wani mashahurin ɗan gida - mawaƙi mai son A. Gerunda, kuma nan da nan ya zama ɗalibi a ɗakin karatu a Lecce, inda ya halarci azuzuwan a cikin piano, ka'idar kiɗa da abun ciki.

Daga baya, Skipa kuma ya yi nazarin rera waƙa a Milan tare da fitaccen malamin murya E. Piccoli. Wannan na ƙarshe ya taimaka wa ɗalibin nasa ya fara halarta a cikin 1910 akan matakin wasan opera na birnin Vercelli kamar yadda Alfred a cikin opera Verdi La traviata. Ba da daɗewa ba Tito ya koma babban birnin Italiya. Ayyukan da aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Costanci suna kawo babban nasara ga matashin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya buɗe masa hanya zuwa manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na gida da na waje.

A shekara ta 1913, Skipa yana ninkaya a cikin teku kuma ya yi wasa a Argentina da Brazil. Komawa gida, ya sake rera waka a Costanzi, sannan a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Neapolitan San Carlo. A 1915, da singer ya fara halarta a karon a La Scala a matsayin Vladimir Igorevich a Prince Igor. daga baya yayi sashin De Grieux a cikin Massenet's Manon. A cikin 1917, a Monte Carlo, Skipa ya rera ɓangaren Ruggiero a farkon wasan opera na Puccini The Swallow. Mai zane ya yi ta maimaitawa a Madrid da Lisbon, kuma tare da babban nasara.

A shekara ta 1919, Tito ya koma Amurka, kuma ya zama daya daga cikin manyan mawakan solo na Chicago Opera House, inda ya rera waka daga 1920 zuwa 1932. Amma sai yakan yi yawon bude ido a kasashen Turai da sauran biranen Amurka. Daga 1929, Tito ya yi wasa lokaci-lokaci a La Scala. A cikin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye, mai zane yana saduwa da fitattun mawaƙa, yana rera waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da manyan masu gudanarwa ke gudanarwa. Tito dole ne ya yi wasa a kan mataki tare da fitattun mawakan mawaka na wancan lokacin. Sau da yawa abokin tarayya shine shahararren mawaki A. Galli-Curci. Sau biyu Skipa ya yi sa'a don yin waƙa tare da FI Chaliapin, a cikin Rossini's The Barber of Seville a La Scala a 1928 da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon (Buenos Aires) a 1930.

Ganawa tare da Chaliapin sun bar alamar da ba za a iya gogewa ba akan ƙwaƙwalwar Tito Skipa. Daga baya, ya rubuta: “A rayuwata na sadu da fitattun mutane da yawa, manya da haziƙai, amma Fyodor Chaliapin ya hau su kamar Mont Blanc. Ya haɗu da kyawawan halaye na babban mai fasaha mai hikima - mai wasan kwaikwayo da ban mamaki. Ba kowane karni ke ba duniya irin wannan mutumin ba.

A cikin 30s, Skipa yana kan mafi girman shahara. Ya sami gayyata zuwa Opera na Metropolitan, inda a cikin 1932 ya fara halarta a cikin Donizetti's Love Potion tare da babban nasara, ya zama magajin cancanta ga al'adun shahararren Beniamino Gigli, wanda kwanan nan ya bar gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A New York, mai zane yana yin wasan har zuwa 1935. Ya rera waƙa na wani yanayi a Metropolitan Opera a 1940/41.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Skipa ya yi wasa a Italiya da kuma a birane da yawa na duniya. A 1955 ya bar wasan opera, amma ya kasance a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo. Yana ba da lokaci mai yawa don ayyukan zamantakewa da kiɗa, yana ba da gogewa da ƙwarewarsa ga matasa mawaƙa. Skipa yana jagorantar azuzuwan murya a birane daban-daban na Turai.

A 1957, da singer ya tafi yawon shakatawa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, yin a Moscow, Leningrad da Riga. Sa'an nan kuma ya jagoranci juri na gasar murya na VI World Festival of Youth and Students a Moscow.

A shekarar 1962, mawakin ya yi rangadin bankwana a Amurka. Skipa ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1965 a New York.

Shahararren masanin kida na kasar Italiya Celeti, wanda ya rubuta madogara ga tarihin Skipa, wanda aka buga a Rome a shekara ta 1961, ya yi ikirarin cewa wannan mawakin ya taka rawar gani a tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci, wanda ya yi tasiri ga dandano na jama'a da kuma ayyukan abokansa. masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da fasaharsa.

"Tuni a cikin 20s, ya kasance gaba da buƙatun jama'a," Cheletti ya lura, "ƙi yin amfani da tasirin sauti na banal, kasancewarsa sanannen kyakkyawan sauƙin sautin murya, halin hankali ga kalmar. Kuma idan kun yi imani cewa bel canto waƙar halitta ce, to Skipa ita ce kyakkyawan wakilci.

I. Ryabova ya rubuta cewa: “An ƙayyade waƙar mawaƙin ne bisa ga yanayin muryarsa, maƙalli mai laushi. - Abubuwan sha'awar mai zane sun fi mayar da hankali ne akan wasan kwaikwayo na Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, akan wasu sassa a cikin operas na Verdi. Mawaƙi-mawaƙi mai hazaka, mai ban al'ajabi na kida, kyakkyawar dabara, ɗabi'a, Skipa ya ƙirƙiri gabaɗayan hoton kida da kide-kide. Daga cikinsu akwai Almaviva a cikin Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Edgar a Lucia di Lammermoor da Nemorino a cikin Potion of Love Donizetti, Elvino a Bellini's La Sonnambula, Duke a Rigoletto da Alfred a Verdi's La Traviata. Skipa kuma an san shi da ƙwararren mai wasan kwaikwayo a cikin operas ta mawakan Faransa. Daga cikin mafi kyawun halittarsa ​​akwai ayyukan Des Grieux da Werther a cikin operas na J. Massenet, Gerald a Lakma na L. Delibes. Wani mai fasaha na al'adun kiɗa, Skipa ya yi nasarar ƙirƙirar hotunan murya da ba za a manta ba a cikin V.-A. Mozart".

A matsayin mawaƙin kide-kide, Skipa da farko ya yi waƙoƙin jama'a na Mutanen Espanya da Italiyanci. Yana daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan wakokin Neapolitan. Bayan mutuwarsa, faifan mawaƙin yana ci gaba da haɗawa a cikin duk tarihin waƙoƙin Neapolitan da aka buga a ƙasashen waje. Skipa akai-akai yana yin rikodin akan rikodin gramophone - alal misali, an rubuta opera Don Pasquale gaba ɗaya tare da sa hannu.

Mawaƙin ya nuna fasaha sosai kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin fina-finan kiɗa da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan fina-finai - "Arias Favorite" - an nuna shi a kan fuska na kasarmu.

Skipa kuma ya yi suna a matsayin mawaki. Shi ne marubucin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin choral da piano. Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai Mass. A cikin 1929 ya rubuta operetta "Princess Liana", wanda aka yi a Roma a 1935.