Synthesizer tarihin

synthesizer - kayan kida na lantarki wanda ke haifar da raƙuman sauti daban-daban ta amfani da ginanniyoyin ginannun da yawa. Babban tarihinta ya samo asali ne tun karni na XNUMX. Rock, pop, jazz, punk, lantarki har ma da kiɗa na gargajiya a yau yana da wuya a yi tunanin ba tare da wannan kayan aiki ba. A gaskiya ma, yawancin nau'o'in kiɗa, nau'o'in jin dadi da ƙananan farashi sune abubuwan da suka ba da damar kayan aiki ya dauki matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin al'adun kiɗa.

Bayyanar farko na synthesizer

Na farko samfurin na synthesizer da aka halitta baya a 1876. Ba'amurke injiniya Elisha Gray ya gabatar da m telegraph ga duniya - kayan aiki kama da talakawa telegraph. maɓallan da aka haɗa su a madadin su da masu magana. Octaves guda biyu ne kawai za a iya kunna a kan irin wannan kayan aiki, na'urar ba ta sami nasara sosai a kasuwar kiɗa ba, amma manufarta ce ta kasance tushen ƙirƙirar na'urar farko.

A karshen karni na 7, dan kasar Amurka mai kirkiro Tadeusz Cahill ya kirkiro Telharmonium. Babban na'ura ne, mafi ƙarancin samfurin wanda ya auna nauyin ton XNUMX, kuma ya haɗa sautin sashin cocin. Saboda girman girma da rashin ƙarar sauti, aikin bai sami ci gaba mai kyau ba.

Zamanin transistor

A shekara ta 1920, matashin masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Rasha Lev Termen ya kirkiro samfurinsa na wani nau'i mai suna "Theremin". Kayan aiki, mai suna bayan mai ƙirƙira, duk da ƙira mai rikitarwa, ya zama sananne sosai. A cikin 1920s da 30s, yawancin irin waɗannan samfuran sun fito:

• Violena (USSR);
• Ilston (USSR);
• Waves na Marteo (Faransa);
• Sonar (USSR);
• Trautonium (Jamus);
• Variofon (USSR);
• Ekvodin (USSR);
• Hammond na'urar lantarki (Amurka);
• Emiriton (USSR);
• AHC (USSR).

Kowane samfurin yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani, yawancin su an ƙirƙira su cikin kwafi ɗaya kawai. Shahararriyar samfurin ita ce sashin lantarki na Hammond, wanda Ba'amurke Robert Wood ya kirkira a shekarun 1960 kuma ya sayar a duk duniya. An yi amfani da na'urorin haɗin gwiwa sau da yawa a cikin majami'u, maimakon gabobin jiki, da kuma a wuraren raye-raye na rock na shahararrun makada.

Rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX

Babban abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a lokacin yakin bayan yakin shine rage yawan farashi da rage girman kayan aiki. A cikin 1955, an fito da samfurin Mark I, wanda farashinsa ya kai $175. A tsakiyar 000s, ɗan Amurka mai ƙirƙira Robert Moog ya saki ɗan ƙaramin takwaransa, wanda ya ci $60. A 7000, juyin juya halin "Minimoog" aka saki, kudin kawai dala dubu daya da rabi. Samun masu haɗawa ya buɗe abin da ake kira "New Wave" a cikin kiɗan rock. A cikin 90s, dijital synthesizers sun bayyana. Na farko samfurin Nord Lead yana da na'ura mai sarrafawa da tsarin aiki, wanda ya ba da izini ba kawai yin rikodi ba, har ma yana adana sautunan dubbai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.