Josef Krips |

Joseph Krips

Josef Krips ya ce: “An haife ni a Vienna, na girma a can, kuma a koyaushe ina sha’awar wannan birni, wanda zuciyar kiɗan duniya ta buge ni,” in ji Josef Krips. Kuma waɗannan kalmomi ba kawai suna bayyana gaskiyar tarihin rayuwarsa ba, suna aiki a matsayin mabuɗin hoton fasaha na fitaccen mawaki. Krips yana da ’yancin ya ce: “A duk inda na yi, suna ganina da farko a matsayin shugabar Viennese, wanda ke keɓance yin waƙar Viennese. Kuma an yaba da wannan musamman a ko’ina.”

Masu sauraro na kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai da Amurka, wadanda akalla sau daya suka zo cikin lamba tare da m, m, m art, san Krips kamar yadda irin wannan gaskiya kambi, m tare da music, m da kuma captivating masu sauraro. Krips na farko dai mawaki ne sannan kuma madugu. Bayyanawa koyaushe yana da mahimmanci a gare shi fiye da daidaito, sha'awar ta fi tsayin hankali. Ba abin mamaki ba ya mallaki ma'anar mai zuwa: "A zahiri kuma daidai da ma'aunin ma'aunin kwata yana nufin mutuwar duk kiɗa."

Masanin kiɗan ɗan ƙasar Austriya A. Viteshnik ya ba da hoto mai zuwa na madubin: “Josef Krips shugaba ne mai sanguine wanda ya ba da kansa gabaɗaya ga kiɗa. Wannan gungu ne na makamashi, wanda akai-akai kuma tare da dukan sha'awa yana kunna kiɗa tare da dukansa; wanda ya tunkari aikin ba tare da wani tasiri ko ɗabi'a ba, amma cikin sha'awa, yanke hukunci, tare da wasan kwaikwayo mai kama da juna. Ba mai yuwuwa ga dogon tunani ba, ba a wahalar da matsaloli masu salo ba, ƙarancin cikakkun bayanai ko nuances ba su damu ba, amma koyaushe yana ƙoƙari gabaɗaya, ya saita motsin motsin kiɗa na musamman. Ba tauraruwar wasan bidiyo ba, ba madugu ga masu sauraro ba. Duk wani "coquetry coquetry" baƙo ne a gare shi. Ba zai taɓa gyara yanayin fuskarsa ko motsinsa a gaban madubi ba. Tsarin kiɗan yana nunawa a fili a fuskarsa cewa an cire duk tunanin tarurruka. Ba tare da son kai ba, tare da mugun ƙarfi, ƙwazo, faɗaɗaɗa da nuna motsin rai, tare da yanayin da ba zai iya jurewa ba, yana jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta ayyukan da yake fuskanta ta misalinsa. Ba mai fasaha ba kuma ba masanin ilimin kida ba, amma babban mawaƙin da ke cutar da wahayinsa. Idan ya daga sandarsa, duk wata tazara tsakaninsa da mawakin ta bace. Krips ba ya tashi sama da maki - ya shiga cikin zurfinsa. Yana rera waka da mawaka, yana yin kida da mawaka, amma duk da haka yana da cikakken iko kan wasan kwaikwayon.”

Makomar Krips a matsayin jagora ya yi nisa da zama marar gajimare kamar fasahar sa. Farkon ta ya yi farin ciki - tun yana yaro ya nuna basirar kida da wuri, tun yana dan shekara shida ya fara karatun kida, daga goma ya rera waka a cikin mawakan coci, a sha hudu ya yi fice wajen buga violin, viola, da piano. Sa'an nan ya yi karatu a Vienna Academy of Music karkashin jagorancin malamai kamar E. Mandishevsky da F. Weingartner; Bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin dan wasan violin a cikin kungiyar makada, ya zama shugaban mawakan Opera na Jihar Vienna kuma yana da shekaru goma sha tara ya tsaya a na'urar wasan bidiyo don gudanar da Verdi's Un ballo a maschera.

Krips ya ci gaba da tafiya da sauri zuwa matsayi na daraja: ya jagoranci gidajen opera a Dortmund da Karlsruhe kuma a cikin 1933 ya zama jagoran farko a Opera na Jihar Vienna kuma ya sami digiri a makarantarsa, Academy of Music. Amma a lokacin, 'yan Nazi sun mamaye Ostiriya, kuma mawaƙin mai ra'ayin ci gaba ya tilasta yin murabus daga mukaminsa. Ya koma Belgrade, amma ba da daɗewa ba hannun Hitler ya kama shi a nan. An hana Krips yin aiki. Tsawon shekaru bakwai ya fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda sannan ya zama ma'aikacin ajiya. Da alama komai ya ƙare tare da gudanarwa. Amma Krips bai manta da sana'arsa ba, kuma Viennese ba su manta da ƙaunataccen mawaki.

Afrilu 10, 1945, sojojin Soviet sun 'yantar da Vienna. Kafin yakin basasa ya mutu a kasar Ostiriya, Krips ya sake kasancewa a wurin jagorar. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, ya gudanar da bikin aure na Figaro a Volksoper, a karkashin jagorancinsa an dawo da kide-kide na Musikverein a ranar 16 ga Satumba, Opera ta Vienna ta fara aikinsa a ranar 6 ga Oktoba tare da wasan kwaikwayo na Fidelio, kuma a ranar 14 ga Oktoba. lokacin wasan kide-kide yana buɗewa a Vienna Philharmonic! A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ana kiran Krips "Mala'ika mai kyau na rayuwar kiɗan Viennese".

Ba da da ewa Josef Krips ziyarci Moscow da kuma Leningrad. Yawancin kide-kide nasa sun nuna ayyukan Beethoven da Tchaikovsky, Bruckner da Shostakovich, Schubert da Khachaturian, Wagner da Mozart; mai zane ya sadaukar da dukan maraice ga wasan kwaikwayo na Strauss waltzes. Nasarar da aka yi a Moscow ita ce farkon shaharar Crips a duniya. An gayyace shi don yin wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka. Amma lokacin da mai zane ya tashi a kan teku, hukumomin shige da fice sun tsare shi kuma suka sanya shi a sanannen tsibirin Ellis. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, an miƙa shi don komawa Turai: ba sa so su ba da takardar izinin shiga ga sanannen mai zane, wanda ya ziyarci USSR kwanan nan. Don nuna adawa da rashin tsoma bakin gwamnatin Ostiriya, Krips bai koma Vienna ba, amma ya ci gaba da zama a Ingila. A wani lokaci ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra Symphony ta London. Daga baya, duk da haka, madugu ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka, inda jama'a suka tarbe shi sosai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Krips ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a Buffalo da San Francisco. Jagoran ya rika zagayawa kasashen Turai akai-akai, yana gudanar da wasannin kade-kade da wasannin opera a Vienna.

Krips da gaskiya ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fassarar duniya na Mozart. Ayyukansa a Vienna na operas Don Giovanni, Sace daga Seraglio, Aure na Figaro, da rikodin operas da kade-kade na Mozart sun tabbatar mana da adalcin wannan ra'ayi. Babu wani muhimmin wuri a cikin repertoire Bruckner ya shagaltar da su, da dama daga cikin kade-kaden da ya yi a karon farko a wajen kasar Austria. Amma a lokaci guda, repertoire nasa yana da faɗi sosai kuma ya rufe lokuta da salo daban-daban - daga Bach zuwa mawaƙa na zamani.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969