John Barbirolli (John Barbirolli) |

John Barbirolli

John Barbirolli yana son kiran kansa ɗan ƙasar Landan. Ya zama ainihin dangantaka da babban birnin Ingila: 'yan mutane ko da a Ingila suna tunawa da cewa sunansa na ƙarshe yana sauti Italiyanci saboda dalili, kuma ainihin sunan mai zane ba John ba ne, amma Giovanni Battista. Mahaifiyarsa Faransa ce, kuma a bangaren ubansa ya fito ne daga dangin mawakan Italiya na gada: kakan mai zane da mahaifinsa sun kasance ’yan wasan violin kuma sun yi wasa tare a cikin makada na La Scala a ranar da za a iya mantawa da su na farko na Othello. Haka ne, kuma Barbirolli yayi kama da Italiyanci: siffofi masu kaifi, gashi mai duhu, idanu masu rai. Ba abin mamaki ba ne Toscanini, da ya sadu da shi a karo na farko bayan shekaru da yawa, ya ce: “I, dole ne ka zama ɗan Lorenzo, ɗan violin!”

Kuma duk da haka Barbirolli Bature ne - ta hanyar renonsa, dandano na kiɗa, daidaitaccen yanayi. An haɓaka maestro na gaba a cikin yanayi mai wadatar fasaha. Bisa ga al'adar iyali, sun so su yi violin daga shi. Amma yaron bai iya zama har yanzu tare da violin ba, kuma, yayin da yake nazari, kullum yana yawo cikin ɗakin. A lokacin ne kakan ya zo da ra'ayin - bari yaron ya koyi wasan cello: ba za ku iya tafiya tare da ita ba.

A karon farko Barbirolli ya bayyana a gaban jama'a a matsayin mawaƙin soloist a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar ɗalibin kwalejin Trinity, kuma yana ɗan shekara goma sha uku - shekara ɗaya bayan haka - ya shiga Royal Academy of Music, a cikin karatun cello, bayan kammala karatunsa wanda ya yi aiki a ciki. ƙungiyar makaɗa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin G. Wood da T. Beecham - tare da Ballet na Rasha da kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden. A matsayinsa na memba na International String Quartet, ya yi wasa a Faransa, Netherlands, Spain da kuma gida. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1924, Barbirolli ya shirya nasa gungu, Barbirolli String Orchestra.

Daga wannan lokacin fara aiki na Barbirolli madugu. Ba da da ewa ya gudanar da basira ya jawo hankalin da impresario, kuma a 1926 aka gayyace shi don gudanar da jerin wasanni na British National Opera Company - "Aida", "Romeo da Juliet", "Cio-Cio-San", "Falstaff". ". A cikin waɗannan shekarun, Giovanni Battista, kuma ya fara kiransa da sunan Ingilishi John.

A lokaci guda, duk da nasarar wasan kwaikwayo na farko, Barbirolli ya ba da kansa sosai don gudanar da kide-kide. A shekara ta 1933, ya fara jagorantar wata babbar ƙungiya - ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Scotland a Glasgow - kuma a cikin shekaru uku na aiki ya sami nasarar mayar da ita ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa a ƙasar.

Bayan 'yan shekaru, sunan Barbirolli ya girma har aka gayyace shi zuwa kungiyar Orchestra ta Philharmonic ta New York don maye gurbin Arturo Toscanini a matsayin shugabanta. Ya jure wahala mai wuya tare da girmamawa - mai wuya biyu, domin a New York a wancan lokacin sunayen kusan dukkanin manyan madugu na duniya da suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka a lokacin farkisanci sun bayyana a kan allunan. Amma da yakin ya barke, madugun ya yanke shawarar komawa kasarsa. Ya yi nasara ne kawai a cikin 1942, bayan tafiya mai wahala da kwanaki da yawa a cikin wani jirgin ruwa na karkashin ruwa. Babban liyafar da 'yan uwansa suka yi masa ya yanke shawara, a shekara ta gaba mai zane ya motsa kuma ya jagoranci daya daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyi, Ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Halle.

Tare da wannan tawagar, Barbirolli ya yi aiki na shekaru masu yawa, yana maido masa da ɗaukakar da ya ji a cikin karni na karshe; haka kuma, a karon farko ƙungiyar makaɗa daga lardin ta zama ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta gaske. Manyan madugu da soloists sun fara yi da shi. Barbirolli da kansa ya yi tafiya a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan - duka a kan kansa, kuma tare da ƙungiyar makaɗarsa, da sauran ƙungiyoyin Ingilishi a zahiri a duk duniya. A cikin 60s kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a Houston (Amurka). A shekarar 1967, shi, karkashin jagorancin kungiyar kade-kade na BBC, ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet. Har wala yau, yana da farin jini da ya cancanta a gida da waje.

Abubuwan da suka dace na Barbirolli zuwa fasahar Ingilishi ba'a iyakance ga tsari da ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar makaɗa ba. An san shi a matsayin mai himma wajen tallata ayyukan mawaƙan Ingilishi, kuma da farko Elgar da Vaughan Williams, ɗan wasan farko na yawancin ayyukansu. A kwantar da hankula, bayyananne, majestic hali na shugaba na artist daidai dace da yanayin music na Turanci symphonic composers. Mawakan da Barbirolli ya fi so kuma sun haɗa da mawaƙa na ƙarshen ƙarni na ƙarshe, ƙwararrun mawaƙa na babban nau'in symphonic; tare da babban asali da lallashi yana isar da manyan ra'ayoyi na Brahms, Sibelius, Mahler.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969