Formant |
kafa (daga lat. formans, genus formantis - forming) - yanki na ƙararrakin sautunan ɓangarori a cikin bakan na muses. sautuka, sautin magana, da kuma waɗannan abubuwan da suka wuce kansu, waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da asalin timbre na sautunan; daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da timbre. F. tashi Ch. arr. a ƙarƙashin rinjayar resonators (a cikin magana, waƙa - rami na baki, da dai sauransu, a cikin kayan kida - jiki, iska, sautin sauti, da dai sauransu), don haka matsayi na tsayin su ya dogara kadan akan tsayin tushe. sautunan sauti. Kalmar "F." Masanin magana, masanin ilimin lissafi L. Herman ya gabatar da shi don nuna bambanci tsakanin wasula daga wasu. G. Helmholtz ya gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan yadda ake hada wasulan magana ta hanyar amfani da bututun gabobin jiki ta hanyar da ta dace. An tabbatar da cewa wasalin "u" yana da karuwa a cikin ƙananan sautunan daga 200 zuwa 400 hertz, "o" - 400-600 hertz, "a" - 800-1200, "e" - 400-600 da 2200-2600, "da" - 200-400 da 3000-3500 hertz. A cikin rera waƙa, ban da ayyukan magana da aka saba, ana bayyana mawaƙan halaye. F.; daya daga cikinsu babban mawaki ne. F. (kimanin 3000 hertz) yana ba da muryar "haske", "azurfa", yana ba da gudummawa ga "jirgin" sauti, kyakkyawar fahimtar wasula da baƙaƙe; ɗayan - ƙananan (kimanin 500 hertz) yana ba da sautin laushi, zagaye. F. ana samunsu a kusan dukkan muses. kayan aiki. Misali, ana siffanta sarewa da F. daga 1400 zuwa 1700 hertz, ga oboe – 1600-2000, ga bassoon – 450-500 hertz; a cikin bakan na kyawawan violin - 240-270, 500-550 da 3200-4200 hertz (na biyu da na uku F. suna kusa da F. muryoyin waƙa). Hanyar da aka tsara na samuwar timbre da sarrafa timbre ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin haɗin magana, a cikin kiɗan lantarki. kayan aiki, a cikin injiniyan sauti (magnetic da rikodi, rediyo, talabijin, sinima).
References: Rzhevkin SN, Ji da magana a cikin hasken bincike na jiki na zamani, M. - L., 1928, 1936; Rabinovich AV, Short course of musical acoustics, M., 1930; Solovieva AI, Mahimmancin ilimin halin ɗan adam na ji, L., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968); Hermann L., Phonophotographische Untersuhungen, "Pflger's Archiv", Bd 1875, 45, Bd 1889, 47, Bd 1890, 53, Bd 1893, 58, Bd 1894, 59; Stumpf C., Die Sprachlaute, B., 1895; Trendelenburg F., Einführung in die Akustik, V., 1926, V.-Gött.-Hdlb., 1939.
Farashin YH
