Tatiana Shmyga (Tatiana Shmyga).

Tatiana Shmyga

Dole ne mai fasaha na operetta ya zama ɗan jarida. Irin waɗannan su ne ka'idodin nau'in: yana haɗuwa da raira waƙa, raye-raye da wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki a kan daidaitattun daidaito. Kuma rashin daya daga cikin wadannan sifofi ba zai zama diyya ta gaban daya ba. Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa taurarin gaskiya a sararin sama na operetta suke haskakawa da wuya. Tatyana Shmyga shi ne ma'abucin na musamman, wanda zai iya cewa roba, iyawa. Ikhlasi, ikhlasi mai zurfi, ruhi mai ruhi, haɗe da kuzari da fara'a, nan da nan ya jawo hankali ga mawaƙa.

Tatyana Ivanovna Shmyga aka haife kan Disamba 31, 1928 a Moscow. “Iyayena mutane ne masu kirki da kirki,” in ji mai zanen. "Kuma na san tun yana yara cewa uwa ko uba ba za su iya ɗaukar fansa a kan mutum kawai ba, har ma da bata masa rai."

Bayan samun digiri, Tatyana tafi karatu a Jihar Institute of Theater Arts. Hakanan sun sami nasara a azuzuwanta a cikin ajin muryar DB Belyavskaya; ya yi alfahari da dalibinsa da IM Tumanov, wanda a karkashin jagorancinsa ta ƙware asirin yin aiki. Duk wannan ya bar shakka game da zabi na m nan gaba.

"... A cikin shekara ta huɗu, na sami raguwa - muryata ta ɓace," in ji mai zane. “Ina tsammanin ba zan iya sake yin waƙa ba. Har ma na so in bar makarantar. Malamaina masu ban sha'awa sun taimake ni - sun sa ni gaskanta kaina, sake samun muryata.

Bayan kammala karatu daga Cibiyar Tatyana sanya ta halarta a karon a kan mataki na Moscow Operetta Theatre a wannan shekara, 1953. Ta fara nan tare da rawar Violetta a cikin Kalman ta Violet na Montmartre. Daya daga cikin labarin game da Shmyg daidai ya ce wannan rawar "kamar dai an riga an ƙaddara jigon actress, ta musamman sha'awar ga makomar 'yan mata masu sauƙi, masu tawali'u, da ba a san su ba, ta hanyar mu'ujiza ta canza a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma nuna ƙarfin hali na musamman. ƙarfin zuciya."

Shmyga ya sami babban mashawarci da miji a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Vladimir Arkadyevich Kandelaki, wanda ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow Operetta, ya zama daya cikin mutane biyu. Gidan ajiyar kayan fasaha na fasaha yana kusa da burin fasaha na matashin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Kandelaki daidai ji da kuma gudanar ya bayyana roba damar iya yin komai da Shmyga zo gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Shmyga ya ce: “Zan iya cewa shekaru goma da mijina yake shugabantar darakta ne suka fi mini wahala. – Ba zan iya yi shi duka. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi rashin lafiya, ba zai yiwu a ƙi aikin ba, ba zai yiwu a zaɓa ba, kuma daidai saboda ni matar babban darakta ce. Na kunna komai, ko ina son shi ko ban so shi ba. Yayin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ke wasa da Circus Princess, Merry Widow, Maritza da Silva, na sake buga duk wani matsayi a cikin "Soviet operettas". Kuma ko da ban ji daɗin abubuwan da aka tsara ba, na fara maimaitawa, domin Kandelaki ta ce mini: “A’a, za ku buga shi.” Kuma na taka leda.

Ba na so in ba da ra'ayi cewa Vladimir Arkadyevich ya kasance irin wannan despot, ya ajiye matarsa ​​a cikin baƙar fata ... Bayan haka, wannan lokacin ya kasance mafi ban sha'awa a gare ni. A karkashin Kandelaki ne na buga Violetta a cikin The Violet na Montmartre, Chanita, Gloria Rosetta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Circus Lights the Lights.

Waɗannan ayyuka ne masu ban mamaki, wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa. Ina matukar gode masa saboda yadda ya yi imani da karfina, ya ba ni damar bude baki.

Kamar yadda Shmyga ya ce, Soviet operetta ya kasance kullum a tsakiyar repertoire da kuma m sha'awa. Kusan duk mafi kyawun ayyukan wannan nau'in sun wuce kwanan nan tare da halartarta: "White Acacia" na I. Dunaevsky, "Moscow, Cheryomushki" na D. Shostakovich, "Spring Sings" na D. Kabalevsky, "Chanita's Kiss", "The Kiss" Circus Lights the Lights", "Matsalar Yarinya" na Y. Milyutin, "Sevastopol Waltz" na K. Listov, "Yarinyar da Blue Eyes" na V. Muradeli, "Gasar Ƙawa" na A. Dolukhanyan, "White Night" na T Khrennikov, "Bari Guitar Play" na O. Feltsman, "Comrade Love" na V. Ivanov, "Frantic Gascon" na K. Karaev. Wannan jeri ne mai ban sha'awa. Cikakken haruffa daban-daban, kuma ga kowane Shmyga ya sami launuka masu gamsarwa, wani lokacin yana shawo kan al'ada da sako-sako na kayan ban mamaki.

A cikin rawar Gloria Rosetta, mawaƙin ya tashi zuwa kololuwar fasaha, yana ƙirƙirar nau'in ma'auni na zane-zane. Wannan shine ɗayan ayyukan Kandelaki na ƙarshe.

EI Falkovic ya rubuta:

“… Lokacin da Tatyana Shmyga, tare da fara'arta na waƙa, ɗanɗano mara kyau, ya zama tsakiyar wannan tsarin, walƙiya na halin Kandelaki ya daidaita, an ba ta arziki, mai kauri na rubutun nasa mai laushi ya buɗe. ruwan ruwa na wasan Shmyga.

Don haka ya kasance a cikin Circus. Tare da Gloria Rosetta - Shmyga, jigon mafarki na farin ciki, jigon tausayi na ruhaniya, mace mai ban sha'awa, haɗin kai na waje da kyakkyawa na ciki, an haɗa su a cikin wasan kwaikwayon. Shmyga ya haɓaka aikin hayaniya, ya ba shi inuwa mai laushi, ya jaddada layinta na lyrical. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin ƙwarewarta ta kai wani matsayi mai girma wanda wasan kwaikwayon nata ya zama abin koyi ga abokan hulɗa.

Rayuwar matasa Gloria ta kasance mai wuyar gaske - Shmyga yayi magana game da makomar yarinya kadan daga yankunan da ke kusa da Paris, ya bar maraya kuma ya karbi wani dan Italiyanci, mai circus, mai ladabi da kunkuntar Rosetta.

Ya zama cewa Gloria Faransa ce. Ta kasance kamar kanwar Yarinyar daga Montmartre. Siffarta mai laushi, taushi, ɗan bacin rai na idanunta yana haifar da irin matan da mawaƙa suka rera waƙa, waɗanda suka zaburar da masu fasaha - matan Manet, Renoir da Modigliani. Irin wannan mace, mai taushi da dadi, tare da rai mai cike da motsin rai na ɓoye, ya haifar da Shmyg a cikin fasaha.

Kashi na biyu na duet - "Ka fashe cikin rayuwata kamar iska ..." - sha'awar gaskiya, gasa na yanayi guda biyu, nasara a cikin laushi mai laushi, kwanciyar hankali.

Kuma ba zato ba tsammani, da alama, gaba daya m "nassi" - sanannen song "The goma sha biyu Musicians", wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau concert na Shmyga. Mai haske, mai fara'a, a cikin kidan foxtrot mai sauri tare da mawaƙa - "la-la-la-la" - waƙar da ba ta da tushe game da hazaka goma sha biyu waɗanda ba a gane su ba waɗanda suka ƙaunaci kyakkyawa kuma suka raira waƙa a gare ta, amma ta, kamar yadda ya saba, son wani mabanbanta, matalauta mai siyar da bayanin kula, “la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la…”.

Fitowa da sauri tare da dandamalin diagonal wanda ke gangarowa zuwa tsakiya, raye-rayen rawa mai kaifi da na mata wanda ke tare da waƙar, kayan ado mai ban sha'awa, sha'awar labarin wani ɗan wasa mai ban sha'awa, sadaukar da kai ga kaɗa mai ɗaukar hankali…

A cikin "Mawakan Sha Biyu" Shmyga ya sami kyakkyawan aiki iri-iri na lambar, abubuwan da ba su da rikitarwa an jefa su cikin sigar nagarta mara kyau. Kuma ko da yake ta Gloria ba rawa cancan, amma wani abu kamar hadaddun mataki foxtrot, ka tuna da Faransa asalin na heroine da Offenbach.

Tare da wannan duka, akwai wata sabuwar alamar lokuta a cikin aikinta - wani yanki na haske mai haske a kan guguwar guguwar ji, mai banƙyama wanda ke kawar da waɗannan buɗaɗɗen ji.

Daga baya, wannan baƙin ƙarfe yana nufin haɓakawa zuwa abin rufe fuska mai kariya daga ƙazamin tashin hankali na duniya - tare da wannan, Shmyga zai sake bayyana kusancinsa na ruhaniya tare da fasaha mai mahimmanci. A halin yanzu - ɗan lulluɓe na baƙin ciki yana tabbatar da cewa a'a, ba duk abin da aka ba da shi ga adadi mai haske ba ne - abin ban dariya ne a yi tunanin cewa rai, mai kishirwar rayuwa mai zurfi da cikakke, yana iya gamsuwa da waƙar ƙauna. Yana da kyau, jin daɗi, ban dariya, kyakkyawa mai ban mamaki, amma sauran sojoji da wasu dalilai ba a manta da su a bayan wannan.

A shekarar 1962, Shmyga ya fara fitowa a fina-finai. A cikin Ryazanov ta "Hussar Ballad" Tatyana taka wani episodic, amma abin tunawa rawar da Faransa actress Germont, wanda ya zo Rasha a kan yawon shakatawa da kuma samu makale "a cikin dusar ƙanƙara", a cikin lokacin farin ciki na yakin. Shmyga ta taka mace mai dadi, fara'a da kwarkwasa. Amma wadannan idanuwa, wannan fuska mai taushi a lokutan kadaitaka ba sa boye bakin cikin ilimi, bakin cikin kadaici.

A cikin waƙar Germont "Na ci gaba da sha da sha, na riga na bugu..." za ku iya lura da rawar jiki da bakin ciki a cikin muryar ku a bayan abin jin daɗi. A cikin ƙaramin rawa Shmyga ya ƙirƙiri kyakkyawan binciken tunani. Jarumar ta yi amfani da wannan gogewar a cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na gaba.

EI Falkovich ya ce "Wasanta yana da ma'ana mai zurfi na nau'in nau'i da kuma cikar ruhi." - Abubuwan da ba za a iya jayayya ba na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo shine cewa tare da fasaharta ta kawo zurfin abun ciki zuwa operetta, matsalolin rayuwa masu mahimmanci, haɓaka wannan nau'in zuwa matakin mafi tsanani.

A cikin kowace sabuwar rawar, Shmyga yana samun sabbin hanyoyin furuci na kiɗa, mai ban sha'awa tare da abubuwan lura da rayuwa iri-iri da ƙari. Sakamakon Maryamu Hauwa'u daga operetta "Yarinyar da Blue Eyes" na VI Muradeli yana da ban mamaki, amma an fada a cikin harshen operetta na soyayya; Jackdaw daga wasan kwaikwayo na "Mutumin Gaskiya" na MP Ziva yana jan hankalin matasa masu rauni a zahiri, amma masu kuzari; Daria Lanskaya ("White Night" TN Khrennikov) ya bayyana siffofin wasan kwaikwayo na gaske. Kuma, a ƙarshe, Galya Smirnova daga operetta "Beauty Contest" na AP Dolukhanyan ya taƙaita sabon lokaci na bincike da bincike na actress, wanda ya haɗa a cikin jaruntakarsa manufa na mutumin Soviet, kyawunsa na ruhaniya, wadatar ji da tunani. . A cikin wannan rawar, T. Shmyga ya shawo kan ba kawai tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsa ba, har ma da ɗabi'a mai daraja, matsayi na jama'a.

Muhimman nasarorin da Tatiana Shmyga ta samu a fagen wasan operetta na gargajiya. Mawaƙin Violetta a cikin Violet na Montmartre na I. Kalman, mai raye-raye, mai kuzari Adele a cikin Jet na I. Strauss, mai fara'a Angele Didier a cikin Count of Luxembourg na F. Lehar, ƙwararren Ninon a cikin sigar nasara mai nasara. Violets na Montmartre, Eliza Doolittle a cikin "My Fair Lady" na F. Low - wannan jerin tabbas za a ci gaba da ci gaba da sababbin ayyukan 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.

A cikin 90s Shmyga taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wasanni "Catherine" da "Julia Lambert". Dukansu operettas an rubuta su musamman don ta. "Gidan wasan kwaikwayo gidana ne," in ji Julia. Kuma mai sauraro ya fahimci cewa Julia da mai yin wannan rawar Shmyga suna da abu daya a cikin kowa - ba za su iya tunanin rayuwarsu ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba. Dukkan wasannin biyun yabo ne ga jarumar, yabon mace, yabo ga kyawun mace da hazaka.

“Na yi aiki a duk rayuwata. Shekaru da yawa, kowace rana, daga goma na karatun safiya, kusan kowace maraice - wasan kwaikwayo. Yanzu ina da damar da zan zaɓa. Ina wasa Catherine da Julia kuma ba na son yin wasu ayyuka. Amma waɗannan wasan kwaikwayo ne da ba na jin kunya,” in ji Shmyga.