Munich Philharmonic Orchestra (Münchner Philharmoniker) |

Münchner Philharmoniker

An kafa kungiyar kade-kade ta Philharmonic ta Munich a cikin 1893 a kan yunƙurin Franz Keim, ɗan mai masana'antar piano, kuma asalin ana kiranta da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Keim. Tun daga shekarun farko na wanzuwar kungiyar makada ta kasance karkashin jagorancin mashahuran jagora kamar Hans Winderstein, Hermann Zumpe da kuma dalibin Bruckner Ferdinand Löwe. Godiya ga wannan, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta nuna babban matakin wasan kwaikwayon, kuma rerar ta tana da yawa kuma ta ƙunshi ayyuka masu yawa na mawaƙa na zamani.

Har ila yau, tun daga farko, mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi na fasaha na ƙungiyar mawaƙa shi ne sha'awar sanya kide-kide da wake-wake a kowane bangare na jama'a, godiya ga shirye-shiryen aiki da manufofin farashin dimokuradiyya.

A cikin 1901 da 1910 ƙungiyar makaɗa ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu da na takwas na Gustav Mahler a karon farko. An gudanar da shirye-shiryen farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mawaƙin da kansa. A watan Nuwamba 1911, watanni shida bayan mutuwar Mahler, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da Bruno Walter ya yi a karon farko Mahler's Song of the Earth. Jim kaɗan kafin wannan, ƙungiyar ta sake suna Orchestra of the Concert Society.

Daga 1908 zuwa 1914 Ferdinand Löwe ya karbi ragamar kungiyar makada. A ranar 1 ga Maris, 1898, an gudanar da wani babban taron nasara na Symphony na biyar na Bruckner a Vienna karkashin jagorancinsa. A nan gaba, Ferdinand Loewe ya gudanar da ayyukan Bruckner akai-akai kuma ya haifar da al'adar yin wasan kwaikwayo na wannan mawaki wanda ya wanzu har yau.

A lokacin Sigmund von Hausegger's (1920-1938) a matsayin darektan kiɗa na ƙungiyar makaɗa, an sake sanya wa ƙungiyar mawaƙa suna ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Philharmonic ta Munich. Daga 1938 zuwa 1944, ƙungiyar makada ta kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Oswald Kabasta na Austriya, wanda ya haɓaka al'adar yin wasan kwaikwayo na Bruckner.

Eugen Jochum ne ya bude kide-kide na farko bayan yakin duniya na biyu tare da karkata ga Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream na Felix Mendelssohn, wanda aka dakatar da kida a karkashin National Socialism. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, manyan mashahuran masana kamar Fritz Rieger (1949–1966) da Rudolf Kempe (1967–1976) suka gudanar da makada.

A cikin Fabrairu 1979, Sergiu Celibidache ya gudanar da jerin kide-kide na farko tare da kungiyar Orchestra Philharmonic ta Munich. A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, ya zama darektan kiɗa na ƙungiyar. Tare da Sergiu Celibidache kungiyar Orchestra ta Munich sun zagaya biranen Turai da dama, da Kudancin Amurka da Asiya. Ayyukan ayyukan Bruckner, waɗanda suka faru a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, an gane su a matsayin na al'ada kuma sun ƙara darajar duniya na ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Daga Satumba 1999 zuwa Yuli 2004 James Levine shine Babban Darakta na Philharmonic na Munich. Tare da shi, mawaƙa na ƙungiyar makaɗa sun yi dogon rangadi a Turai da Amurka. A cikin Janairu 2004, Maestro Zubin Mehta ya zama baƙon jagora na farko a tarihin ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Tun daga Mayu 2003 Christian Thielemann ya zama darektan kiɗa na ƙungiyar. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2003, kungiyar kade-kade ta Philharmonic ta Munich ta sami karramawa a gaban Paparoma Benedict na 7000 a fadar Vatican. Baƙi da aka gayyata XNUMX ne suka saurari wannan kidayar, kuma maestro Tieleman ya kasance a tashar madugu.

Darektan kiɗa:

1893-1895 – Hans Winderstein 1895—1897 — Jamus Zumpe 1897-1898 – Ferdinand Loewe 1898-1905 – Felix Weingartner 1905—1908 — Georg Schneefoigt 1908-1914 – 1919-1920 – 1920-1938 -1938 - Osvald Cabasta 1944-1945 - Hans Rosbaud 1948-1949 - Fritz Rieger 1966-1967 - Rudolf Kempe 1976-1979 - zuwa Sergiu Celibidake 1996-1999 - - 2004 - James Levine 2004 Valery Abisalovich Gergiev

Source: marinsky.ru