Livenskaya accordion: abun da ke ciki, tarihi, sauti, amfani

Harmonica ya bayyana a Rasha a cikin karni na 1830. Mawakan Jamus sun kawo shi a cikin XNUMXs. Malamai daga birnin Livny na lardin Oryol, sun yi soyayya da wannan kayan kida, amma ba su gamsu da sautin murya guda ɗaya ba. Bayan jerin sake ginawa, ya zama "lu'u-lu'u" a cikin harmonicas na Rasha, an nuna a cikin ayyukan manyan marubutan Rasha da mawaƙa Esenin, Leskov, Bunin, Paustovsky.

Na'urar

Babban fasalin Liven accordion shine babban adadin borins. Suna iya zama daga 25 zuwa 40, yayin da sauran nau'ikan ba su da ninki fiye da 16. Lokacin da aka shimfiɗa bellows, tsawon kayan aiki yana da mita 2, amma ƙarar ɗakin iska yana da ƙananan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya karu da yawa.

Zane ba shi da madaurin kafada. Mawaƙin yana riƙe da shi ta hanyar shigar da babban yatsan hannun dama a cikin madauki a bangon baya na wuyan madannai, kuma ya wuce hannun hagu ta madauri a ƙarshen murfin hagu. A jere daya na maballin dama, na'urar tana da maɓalli 12-18, kuma a gefen hagu akwai levers waɗanda idan an danna su, buɗe bawuloli na waje.

A cikin shekarun halittar Liven harmonica, bambancinsa shine cewa sautin bai dogara da shimfidar Jawo a wani shugabanci ba. A gaskiya ma, masters daga birnin Livny sun ƙirƙira wani kayan aiki na asali wanda ba shi da kwatanci a wasu ƙasashe.

Tarihi

A ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, harmonica ita ce keɓantaccen katin kira na lardin Oryol. Ƙananan girman tare da dogon Jawo, wanda aka yi wa ado da kayan ado, da sauri ya zama sananne.

An yi kayan aikin ne kawai ta hanyar aikin hannu kuma ya kasance "kayan yanki". Masu sana'a da yawa sun yi aiki a kan zane iri ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya. Wasu sun yi harka da bellow, wasu sun yi bawuloli da madauri. Sa'an nan master staplers sun sayi kayan aikin kuma suka tattara harmonica. Wanka yayi tsada. A lokacin, darajarta tana daidai da farashin saniya.

Kafin juyin juya halin 1917, kayan aikin ya zama sananne sosai; mutane daga volosts daban-daban sun zo lardin Oryol domin shi. Masu sana'ar hannu ba su cika buƙatun ba, an haɗa masana'antar Oryol, Tula, Petrograd da sauran garuruwa a cikin samar da Liven Accordion. Farashin masana'anta harmonica ya ragu sau goma.

Tare da zuwan ƙarin kayan aikin ci gaba, shaharar livenka sannu a hankali ya ɓace, masters sun daina ba da ƙwarewar su ga matasa masu tasowa, kuma a tsakiyar karni na ƙarshe, mutum ɗaya kawai ya rage a Livny wanda ya tattara wannan haɗin.

Valentin, daya daga cikin zuriyar mai sana'a na Livensky Ivan Zanin, ya ɗauki sabuntawar sha'awar kayan aiki. Ya tattara tsofaffin waƙoƙi, labaru, almara daga ƙauyuka, ya nemo adana kwafin kayan kida na asali. Valentin ya kuma ƙirƙiro wani gungu wanda ya ba da kide-kide a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin ta a rediyo da talabijin.

Tsarin sauti

Da farko, na'urar tana da murya ɗaya, daga baya harmonicas mai murya biyu da uku suka bayyana. Ma'auni ba na halitta ba ne, amma gauraye, gyarawa a cikin madannai na hannun dama. Matsakaicin ya dogara da adadin maɓalli:

• 12-maɓallai suna kunna cikin kewayon daga "re" na farko zuwa "la" octaves;
• 14-button - a cikin tsarin "re" na farko da "yi" na uku;
• 15-maballin - daga "la" ƙarami zuwa "la" na octave na biyu.

Mutanen sun ƙaunaci livenka saboda sautin sa na musamman, halayyar maƙarƙashiya na Rasha. A cikin basses, ya yi kama da bututu da ƙaho. Livenka yana tare da talakawa cikin damuwa da murna, bukukuwan aure, jana'izar, ganin sojoji, bukukuwan jama'a da bukukuwa ba za su iya yi ba tare da ita ba.