Cymbals: bayanin kayan aiki, tsari, tarihi, iri, amfani

Cymbals wani gini ne na kade-kade wanda ke da hannu sosai wajen aiwatar da ayyukan pop na zamani, a hakika, suna daya daga cikin tsoffin abubuwan kirkire-kirkire a doron kasa. An samo samfura a cikin ƙasa na ƙasashen gabas na yanzu (Turkiyya, Indiya, Girka, China, Armeniya), mafi dadewa samfurin an rubuta shi zuwa karni na XNUMX BC. AD

Kayan yau da kullum

Kayan kida na cikin nau'in kaɗa ne. Abubuwan samarwa - karfe. Don tsabtar sauti, ana amfani da kayan haɗi na musamman - an jefa su, sannan an ƙirƙira su. A yau, ana amfani da alloys guda 4:

• kararrawa tagulla (run + jan karfe a cikin rabo na 1: 4);
• malleable tagulla (tin + jan karfe, da kuma adadin tin a cikin jimlar gami shine 8%);
• tagulla (zinc + jan karfe, rabon zinc shine 38%);
• nickel azurfa (jan karfe + nickel, abun ciki nickel - 12%).

Sautin kuge na tagulla yana da sauti, na tagulla ba su da ƙarfi, ƙarancin haske. Rukuni na ƙarshe (daga azurfa nickel) shine gano masanan na karni na 4. Waɗannan ba duk zaɓuɓɓuka ba ne don abubuwan haɗin da aka yi amfani da su, sauran ba kawai a yi amfani da su ba, ƙwararru sun fi son amfani da XNUMX kawai na abubuwan da ke sama.

Kuge kayan aiki ne da ke da farati mara iyaka. Idan ana so, ana iya fitar da kowane sauti daga gare su, tsayin su ya dogara da ƙwarewar mawaƙa, ƙoƙarin da aka yi, da kayan da aka yi.

Samfuran zamani suna cikin nau'ikan fayafai masu ma'ana. Ana samun su a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, ƙungiyoyin kiɗa daban-daban, ƙungiyoyi. Haɓakar sauti yana faruwa ta hanyar buga saman fayafai tare da na'urori na musamman (sanduna, mallets), kuge masu haɗe-haɗe suna bugun juna.

Tsarin faranti

Wannan kayan kida na kaɗe-kaɗe yana da siffa ta kumbura. Sashin maɗaukaki na sama na dome yana sanye da rami - godiya ga abin da aka haɗe farantin a cikin kwandon. Nan da nan a gindin dome, abin da ake kira "yankin hawa" ya fara. Yankin hawa shine babban jikin kuge wanda ya mamaye mafi girman yanki.

Yanki na uku, kusa da gefuna na diski, yana da alhakin samar da sauti - yankin haɗari. Yankin hadarin ya fi sirara fiye da jikin kuge, kuma buga shi yana haifar da ƙarar ƙararraki. A kan dome, yankin hawan yana raguwa sau da yawa: na farko yana ba da sauti mai kama da kararrawa, na biyu yana ba da ping tare da overtones.

Sautin kuge ya dogara da sigogi uku masu alaƙa da tsarin:

• diamita. Girman girman, mafi ƙarfin sautin sauti. A manyan shagulgulan kide-kide, za a rasa kananan kuge, manyan za a ji gaba daya.
• Girman Dome. Girman dome, mafi yawan sautin, ƙara ƙarar Wasa.
• kauri. Faɗin sauti mai ƙarfi ana yin su ta samfura masu nauyi masu kauri.

Tarihin kuge

Analogues na faranti sun bayyana a zamanin Bronze a kan ƙasar China, Japan, Indonesia. Zane ya yi kama da kararrawa - siffar conical, a ƙasa - lanƙwasa a cikin nau'i na zobe. An fitar da sautin ta hanyar buga wani kayan aiki da wani.

Bayan karni na XIII AD. Kayan aikin kasar Sin ya kare a daular Usmaniyya. Turkawa sun canza kamanni, a zahiri sun kawo faranti zuwa fassarar zamani. An yi amfani da kayan aikin musamman a cikin kiɗan soja.

Turai ba ta ji daɗin son sanin gabas ba. Kwararrun mawaƙa da mawaƙa sun haɗa da kuge a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa a lokacin da ya zama dole don haifar da yanayin gabas na barbariya, don isar da ɗanɗano na Turkiyya. Sai kawai 'yan manyan mashawarta na karni na XNUMX-XNUMXth sun rubuta sassan da suka ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan kayan aiki - Haydn, Gluck, Berlioz.

Karni na XX-XXI sune ranar farin ciki ga faranti. Sun kasance cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar makaɗa da sauran ƙungiyoyin kiɗa. Sabbin samfura da hanyoyin wasa suna fitowa.

iri

Akwai nau'ikan kayan aiki da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da girman, sauti, kamanni.

Kuge mai guda biyu

Kuge na Orchestral ana wakilta da nau'ikan iri da yawa, ɗayan su shine hi-hat (Hi-hat). Kuge guda biyu suna hawa a kan tarkace ɗaya, ɗayan yana gaba da ɗayan. Wurin yana sanye da tsarin ƙafa: yin aiki akan feda, mawaƙin ya haɗa kayan aiki guda biyu, cire sauti. Shahararren diamita na hi-hat shine inci 13-14.

Tunanin na masu wasan kwaikwayo na jazz ne: ƙirar ta ƙawata kayan ganga ta yadda mai kunnawa zai iya sarrafa ganguna kuma ya fitar da sauti daga kuge.

Kuge mai ratayewa

Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi nau'o'i da yawa:

1. Kashe An rataye faifan a kan tarkace. Ana iya samun nau'ikan nau'ikan haɗari guda biyu a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, kuma lokacin da ɗayan ya buga ɗayan, ana fitar da sauti mai ƙarfi, mai fadi. Idan zane ɗaya ne kawai, mawaƙin yana wasa ta amfani da sanda. Kayan aiki yana ba da karin magana ga wani yanki na kiɗa, baya yin sassan solo. Abubuwan da aka bambanta - gefen bakin ciki, ƙaramin kauri na dome, diamita na ƙirar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun gargajiya - inci 16-21.
2. Hawa Sautin da aka fitar gajere ne, amma mai ƙarfi, mai haske. Manufar kayan aiki shine sanya accent. Siffa ta musamman ita ce gefen kauri. Matsakaicin gama gari shine inci 20. Gyaran samfurin shine sizzle - jikin irin wannan kayan aiki yana sanye da sarƙoƙi, rivets don wadatar da amo da aka fitar.
3. Fasa. Abubuwan da ke bambanta - ƙananan girman, jikin diski na bakin ciki. Kaurin gefuna yana kusan daidai da kauri na dome. Diamita na samfurin shine inci 12, sautin yana da ƙasa, gajere, babba.
4. China. Siffar – siffar kumbura, sautin “datti”, mai tunawa da sautunan gong. Ƙungiyar Sinawa kuma ta haɗa da nau'o'in swish da pang. Suna kama da kamanni, suna da sauti iri ɗaya.

kuge mai yatsa

Ana kiran su saboda ƙananan girman su - matsakaicin diamita shine kawai 2 inci. An haɗa su zuwa yatsunsu (matsakaici da babba) tare da taimakon na'urori na musamman, wanda aka kira su a asirce farantin hannu. Asalin masu rawan ciki ne ke amfani da su. Ƙasar mahaifa ita ce Indiya, ƙasashen Larabawa. A yau ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba - a cikin kabilu, tsakanin mawakan dutse.